How effectively does Shakespeare use scene 1 Essay Example for Free

How effectively does Shakespe ar physical exertion scene 1 EssayA pair of star-crossed l foreveryplaces take their sprightliness this immediately utters the audition the tragical fate of the lovers mentioned in the first 6lines of the prologue. Warning the earshot of the sorrow and heart explode that the function go forth provide to. Shakespe atomic number 18s Romeo and Juliet is ground on the iniquity between devil families, the Montagues and The Capulets and how their anger and passion towards each other turn tail to the death of a beloved child from each family. Shakespe atomic number 18 uses numeral 1, scene1 to introduce many of the main themes that pop out throughout the play, these main themes are Disorder, fate, light and Darkness, love and passion.Using this prologue Shakespeare is able to tell the audience the absolute story line without them even watching the play. The line of the prologue beginning A pair of star-crossed lover. tells the audience co ntinuous a mood of the fate of the two characters involved. This set the scene for an inevitable ending whilst warning the audience what to expect, this is in comparable manner back up throughout the play because as soon as one good issue beings disasters follows closely behind.Using prologues at the beginning of his plays, Shakespeare was able to capture and engage the audiences attention and quieten them round out front any of the main characters are introduced. The takes place in the form of a sonnet, this would capture contained the guiltless characteristics of love poetry, this would have been a very successful way to introduce the play because non entirely would it have captured the audiences attention and quietened them down, but Shakespeare would have used this prologue to give the audience vital information that they would have needed to understand the rest of the play.Shakespeare would have to a fault been able to give the audience some mood of what to expect thr oughout the rest of the play. This was very effective as it used tight rhythm and poetry designed to draw the audience in. The prologue at the beginning of Romeo and Juliet beings Two House-holds, both alike in dignity, in fair Verona (whither we lay our scene) and continues Whose misadventured piteous overthrows, Do with their death bury their parents strife so in these two short lines Shakespeare has told his audience who the characters are going to be and where the play is set.Romeo and Juliet is set in Verona, Italy. Shakespeare chose this location because in the 16th century, Italy was regarded as a beautiful country, cognise for it wealth and romance, using these images and scene he had created in his head Shakespeare thought Verona would be the perfect place for extravagant lovers Verona was one of the 4 most antecedentized utters in Italy. Each of these states has its own ruler these rulers would have been very competitive, trying to gain superiority over others. Shak espeare used this key theme in the play Romeo and Juliet in the form of the Prince.The Prince would have ruled the state and overseen only activities that take place, this would include quarrelling and feuding between any families that live in the state. Shakespeare picked this up in his form of Romeo and Juliet making the Prince the ruler and the Montagues and the Capulets the two feuding families. Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet was not a piece of William Shakespeares direct work he had based all the ideas and storylines on a book he had read by Arthur bidee, entitled The Tragic memoir and Romeus and Juliet written in 1562.The History of this particular story goes back even further, to a Greek author names Xenophon. Whilst re-writing this particular storyline Shakespeare decided he was writing the play for variant reasons to the ones Brook had used. Arthur Brook wrote the poem to warn young multitude of the dangers of physical attraction Shakespeare wrote his mutant because he was more than interest in considering the validity of true love. Although Shakespeare had copied the story from two other people he had changed it and added pieces to make it his own.For example, Marcutio, Benvolio and the hold in were not featured in Xenophon version or Arthur Brooks version. Shakespeare had to do this because his audience would have k promptlyn the original storyline and may have thought of Shakespeare as a fake, audiences in this time distributor point would not have held back if they did not like the play they were being shown they would leave and cause slaughter in the theatre. Not only did Shakespeare add characters, he added little parts of scenes to give the play more of an impact and reinforce the storyline.For example he added a street fight, domestic scenes of food preparation, an incident with the musicians, Tybalts repugn to Romeo and the killing of Paris in Act5 scene 3. Act 1, Scene 1 opens with Capulet servants, Sampson and Gregory talking a ggressively and violently in a busy market place looking for trouble, and therefore women being the weaker vessels are ever thrust to the wall, therefore I leave behind push Montagues men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall. The two servants them speak of the hatred and bitterness between to two families whilst discussing violent and crude images.This section also represents the high-lightered issue of violence, which occurs in different sections of the play. Not only is this section crude and vulgar, it shows how violent these men maybe towards women and man. Its not long before a servant from the Montague family enters the scene, an argument sparks and the two sides are soon shouting at each other. This shows the audience of the loyalty that the servants have towards their households. When the argument/ fight continue the audience are shown that everyone is involuntary to put their life on the line for the sake of their family name.This is also observed later on in the play when Romeo and Juliet pee-pee for the first time they are from 2 different, arguing families. This argument prepares the audience for other quarrels and brawls further on in the play. What, drawn and talk peace? I shun the word, As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. Have at thee, coward this particular dialogue spoken by Tybalt not only reflects the aggressiveness of his personality but tell the audience of the hate and bitterness between the two families.Shortly following these events Benvolio enters, Part, fools localise up you swords, you know not what you do this shows the audience the peacekeeper in the play, the man that attempts to separate the two families and go apart the brewing fight/argument. When this does not work Lord and Lady Capulet enter, followed by Lord and Lady Montague. both(prenominal) the Capulet and Montague Lords want to join in the fight but are stopped by their wives, who tell them that they are too old. As the wives hold the pair back the Prince enters with his men.The Prince is seen as the figure of authority in the play the person who controls all problems and is seen as someone who is capable of sorting out any feuding and arguments. He uses this personnel in a long speech where he talks of past quarrels between the Montagues and the Capulets and how it cannot continue. He does this to tell his audience that these arguments are not a one off amour and happen regularly disrupting the people of Verona. The two families recognise the figure of authority and part, this shows the audience that the Prince is superior to all other characters.The Prince continues, If ever you stimulate our streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace this is the only time that the Prince is seen as a threatening figure in the play, warning all extremitys of the Capulet and the Montague household that if ever a fight breaks out again someone will pay the price with their life. The Princes language in this section is firm but at the same time, Shakespeare makes certain(p) his audience wont view him as a threat to any of the other characters although he is.The Prince speaks in blank verse, to show he is superior and powerful and emphasises his intelligence. All the characters understand the Princes speech, but Romeo goes on the break the rule and is later banished from Verona although Romeo himself is not present when the fighting breaks out. This separates him from the rest of the characters making him seem detached from the families feuding and willing to carry on with his life without starting trouble every time he sees a member of the Capulet household.The scene continues, the Montagues leave with the Prince and the Capulets are instructed to return to their homes, Montague, Lady Montague and Benvolio are left in the market place, here a conversation takes place round Romeo and how he seems withdrawn from all goings on. Benvolio is asked to investigate into why Romeo is behaving like this and the rest of the Montagues leave. This is the first time the audience are introduced to Romeo when he begins his conversation with Benvolio. This is where the themes of love and passion are brought into the play. With Cupids arrow, she hath Dians wit And in strong proof of chastity well armed, From Loves weak childish bow she lives uncharmed Romeo is sermon in verse to tell the audience about his love for Rosaline but Benvolio is not convinced that Romeo is in reality in love, Romeo complains because the woman he claims to love will not marry nor love him back. Benvolio tells Romeo that other women will come along and he should try hard to forget about her, Romeo listens to this although really he is not convinced. Romeo uses and elaborate way of speaking Why then, O brawling love, O loving hate, O any thing of nothing first create but this indicates to the audience his emotions are artificial, not coming from the heart. The audience would now know that Romeo is truly infatua ted with Rosalind and that it was not just a fling or something he wasnt victorious seriously. Throughout Romeos long speech to Benvolio he uses many oxymorons to emphasise what he thinks he is feeling. Loving hate and cold fire are perfect examples of when Romeo confuses himself with the overwhelming emotions he claims to have. The line love sickness, indicates to the audience that Romeo is most infected with love for Rosaline and this may not be such a good thing.This would be wake the audience that love can to do terrible things to prescript people, confusing the mind and turning and normal life chaotic. The light and Dark imagery is shown in the speech between Benvolio and Romeo but this is not mentioned until the audience is introduced to Juliet, Juliet is seen to be the light and Rosaline is seen to be the darkness that fills and confuses Romeos heart. This is where Shakespeare cleverly uses imagery to represent the two female characters in Romeos point of view.The other t hemes are continued throughout the play, from when Romeo and Juliet meet to when the both die together in the chapel of rest, where Juliets body has been placed. The theme of love however is resisted in Act 1 scene 5, when Romeo and Juliet pass on in love and know they shouldnt. The idea of courtly love is present through most of this scene, although Romeo and Juliet are not experiences this, the theme and ides is the same. The idea of courtly love originally came from a European tradition from the tenderness ages but still known in Elizabethan times.This was basically a set of rules/ expectations of people who fall in love. These rules stated a number of things this included her coldness inflames the passion. He is consumed with melancholy and makes up verses about love this is present in Romeo and Juliet towards the end when Romeo is desperate to see Juliet and in his last hours makes up several(prenominal) verses to calm himself and prepare himself to meet his wife, Juliet in h eaven. The idea of marriage also originated in Europe and is also present in the play, this theme is only mentioned by Capulet once, when he is talking to Paris about his pose marriage to Juliet.Juliet was pleased and honoured to have been asked to marry Paris until she meet Romeo, this is when she began to resent the arranged marriage. Capulet tells Paris the way to win his daughters heart, the themes of love and passion, light and dark and violence are continued throughout. Shakespeare very cleverly uses Act 1 Scene 1 to introduce these theme either through the prologue, what the first characters say or the actions and imagery that are used. Shakespeare was able to take all of this into account and still produce his own version of Brooks poem The Tragic History and Romeus and Juliet.

Time and Mary Essay Example for Free

Time and bloody shame EssayMary has been working for a university for almost 25 grades and is now approaching retirement. She wants to address several financial issues before her retirement and has asked you to help her scatter the situations below. Her assignment to you is to succeed a 4-5 page report, addressing each of the following issues separately. You are to show all your calculations and provide a detailed explanation for each issue. Issue A For the last 19 years, Mary has been depositing $ euchre in her savings account , which has earned 5% per year, compounded annually and is judge to continue compensable that amount. Mary allow make one more $ five hundred deposit one year from today. If Mary closes the account right after she makes the last deposit, how much lead this account be worth at that time? Future jimmy of Annuity = P (1+i)n 1 i = $500 (1. 05)20 1 .05 = $500 (1. 653) (0. 5) =$500 x (33. 065) =$16,533 Issue B Mary has been working at the university fo r 25 years, with an excellent enroll of service. As a result, the board wants to reward her with a bonus to her retirement package. They are offering her $75,000 a year for 20 years, starting one year from her retirement date and each year for 19 years after that date.Mary would prefer a one-time payment the day after she retires. What would this amount be if the appropriate interest rate is 7%? Present Value of Annuity = P 1 (1+i)-n i = $75,000 1 (1. 07)-20 .07 = $75,000 0. 741 .07 =$75,000 x (10. 594) =$794,550 If Mary was to receive a one-time payment the day after she retires, she would receive $794,550. scarcely if she takes $75,000 a year for 20 years it would equal to $1,500,000 ($75,000x20yrs) Issue C Marys electrical switch is unexpectedly hired away by other nurture, and Mary is asked to stay in her position for another three years.The board assumes the bonus should stay the same, but Mary knows the present value of her bonus lead change. What would be the present value of her deferred annuity? Payment will be deferred for 3 years. Present Value = FV 1 (1+i)n= 794,550 1 (1. 07)3 = 794,550 x 0. 816 = $648,590 Issue D Mary wants to help pay for her granddaughter Beths education. She has trenchant to pay for half of the tuition costs at State University, which are now $11,000 per year. Tuition is expected to increase at a rate of 7% per year into the foreseeable future. Beth just had her 12th birthday. Beth plans to 1 / 2 start college on her 18th birthday and finish in four years.Mary will make a deposit today and continue making deposits each year until Beth starts college. The account will earn 4% interest, compounded annually. How much must Marys deposits be each year in order to pay half of Beths tuition at the beginning of each school each year? Future Value = PV (1+i)n = 11,000 (1+. 07)10 = 11,000 x 1. 967 = $21,639 Present Value = FV 1 (1+i)n= 11,000 1 (1+. 04)10 = 11,000 x 0. 675 = $7,425 Mary must deposit $7,425 each year in order to pay half of $21,639 which will be Beths overall tuition for college. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Globalisation and HRM

globalization and HRMThis assignment discusses on the link between globalisation and HRM. It explains how HRM practices like enlisting and cream should be carried out in nar position to improve governing body performance and enhance important corporeal aspects like how to dominate the global market.Human alternative Management is act of dealing with slew in an agreement how to manage their behaviour and activities to increase profits. fit in to Decenzo and Robbins, (2004), and Bernardin, (2003), Human mental imagerys management (HRM) is the function within an arrangement that focuses on enlisting of management and providing directions for the people who get going in the organisation. Human mental imagerys management can besides be performed by line manager and deals with issues related to people such as performance management, hiring, wellness, wellbeing safety, compensation, training and communication.In addition, HRM is the sense of getting things or work do throu gh people. Its an essential disclose of every managers responsibilities, but many organisations find it profitous to establish a specialist division to put up an expert service dedicated to ensuring that the human resource function is performed efficiently. Also how HRM processes should be in golf club to cope with global issues. The effect of globalisation on recruitment and excerpt is seen clearly now that organisations involve to recruit people that atomic number 18 able to work in global views and contribute to the global milieu. match to Castells M, (2000), Globalisation is an inevitable phenomenon in human history that has been bringing the public closer through the swap of products, information, right-hand(a)s, culture, services and know conductge. Over the last decades the pace of this global integration has become much faster and spectacular because of unprecedented advancements in science, communication, transport, technology and firms. So HR managers should belowstand how to cope with all these changes especially as many people prefer to get high quality products if they argon offered from abroad. If companies understand this, they will run into organisational goals effectively.Saiyadain M (2004) According to Globalisation has contributed to various competencies which organisations set about found effective to improving profit. Other prescribed aspects imply financial organisation situations where the developing counties have benefited from true countries and financial organisations such as IMF (International financial Fund) and WTO (World Trade Organisation), where by these organisations invest money or commerce loans to the financial organisation.Also, globalisation has created thousands of jobs around the world and also has contributed to the growth of the worlds economy. In other contribution, globalisation has been effective to providing access to technological improvements and has also led to the reduction of barriers to p assel.A market is what a business targets to benefit from by assembleing consumer ask. According to S. Skinner, (1998), a market is a social arrangement that allows buyers and sellers to discover information and carry out voluntary sub of goods and services. Its one of the two key institutions that organize trade, along with the right to own property. Its importance to globalisation is to submit the producer know what consumers of the market need at the moment in terms of satisfaction and organisation practices. Globalisation has made organisations to participate in local and external markets to improve quality of trade and the take of business operations. HRM needs to work on practical matters that affect their business because they need to cope with usual changes and balance internal and external issues.There are issues over importance of communication or culture. These include issues about the rate of importance between background culture and adopted culture. However, it s ometimes depends on the situation of the company. Contribution of the employee depends on the environment he or she is in. In case employing someone from a little(prenominal) developed country, training would be right measure for improvement. However, if he person is from a more developed region, then the HR department may want to just tech the person how to cope with the environment and the individual will be able to participate full in everyday business. Capon C, (2004),Capon C, (2004), states that Development of global telecommunication infrastructures has led to success in establishing stable communication through service such as cell phones, internets, and satellites in the developing countries such Kenya, Uganda and Somalia. This has provided a link of third world countries to developed nations and so reducing world poverty. This point shows how important HRM is to the world, as recruiting the right person to telecommute can change the world.Globalisation has made trade libe ralization whereby every one can gain the movement to lower trade barriers and to open the world trade. It has increase the growth of goods and services, where people have got more income to improve the living measuring stick in the society.Foreign competition is increasingly extending beyond the goods firms. Outsourcing of services in dorks, such as visit centers. Its important to the business due to less cost. but is it morally acceptable by your customers. It improves cultural sensation between organisations, where it brings employees of polar background of culture to work together without any conflict in the on the job(p) environment. Saiyadain M (2004Even though there are positive aspects, there are also shun issues that globalisation can cause. These includeEnvironmental pollution increases with globalisation as countries manufacture more products to satisfy demand. Also there is increase of carbon emissions to the atmosphere, whereby people are eternally traveling from one value to another, for compositors case when and individual is assigned to work globally, he or she will have to travel by air thus contribute to air pollution. HR managers should act responsible and protect the environment. This could be done by limiting the number of trips carried out by the employees if possible, and also using transport means which are more environmental friendly. Capon C, (2004),Globalisation encourages development in already developed countries indeed leaving less developed countries to become poorer.Recruitment is the process of identifying that the organisation or company requires employing someone to the point at which application forms for the post have arrived at the company. According to Saiyadain, (2004), recruitment is the process where the organization gets people to work for them so as to be part of the organisation functions. A successful recruitment depends upon finding the right people with the necessary skills, knowledge, experience and qu alifications to do the work required together with the ability to make a positive contribution to the values and aims of the company or organisation.Mendenhall M, (2007), Selection then consists of the processes involved in choosing from applicants, desirable or the right person to deal the post needed in the organisation with the right qualification. The survival of the fittest process needs to be well carried out because HR managers may choose the wrong people and leave the right people.Matthewss J et al, (2004), states that, recruiting people who are wrong for the for the organisation can lead to increased labour turnover, increased costs for the organisation and lowering of morale in the existing workforce. Such workers are likely to be discontented, unlikely to give of their best and end up leaving voluntarily or involuntarily when their unsuitability becomes evident. They will not offer the flexibility and commitment that many companies seek. Managers and supervisors will h ave to spend extra time on further recruitment exercises, when is needed in the first come forward is a systematic process to assess the role to be filled and the type of skills and abilities needed to fill it.Most recruitment systems will be simple with stages that can be followed as a telephone number whenever there is a vacancy to be filled and which can be monitored and adapted in the ignition of experience.According to Dessler, (2005), The organisation should be sure that the cooking of the disability discrimination make believe 1995 not nevertheless makes it unlawful to discriminate against disenable individuals without justifiable reason but also require employers to make valid adjustments to the workplace arrangements.Brewster C et al, (2007) states that The employer has the legal responsibility to ensure that no unlawful discrimination occurs in the recruitment and cream process on the groups of race, age and religion. Equality of opportunity is an integral part o f the recruitment and surgical incision process, and to these end employers may offer encouragement and training to any under represented group of workers. For example to the management development of woman who are under- presented in management grades.The world in which human resource managers exist and with which they interact is continually changing, generating virgin issues and challenges for HR managers to consider during recruitment. There are specific qualities that managers should date at when recruiting for specific functions in the organisation.With the increase in intensified competition among organisations in aspects of performance, productivity and fitting expertise, HRM managers are faced with a challenge of recruiting professional staff to have a competitive advantage in the market. According to Porter M (1998) Competitive advantage is an advantages ove competitors gained by offering cunsumers greater value, both by means of lower prices or by providing greater be nefits and services that justifies higher prices Although recruitment has always held an important place within organisations the growing demand for highly skilled staff has meant that effective recruitment practices are now becoming a considerable resource of competitive advantages used to improve performance.This recruitment and selection learning module is designed to prepare individuals and trainers to introduce effective recruitment and selection systems. In addition the learning pack clearly outlines how to introduce a supporting measurement system for the recruitment process to maximize both individuals and organisations efficiency.Capon C, (2004), states that, With the increased pace in globalization, organisations are now operating under a multicultural environment. Hence organisations face a challenge of recruiting knowledgeable, talented, and skilled employees from dissimilar background as they are able to manage internationally. Multicultural environments boost business performance since there are different views from participants.Capon C, (2004), states that, Moreover, the riding wave of technological innovation forces the HRM managers to recruit staff who posses the acquired knowledge need to operate new machinery, equipment which are equipped with the new knowledge E.g. the use of email and internet as tools of information provision and communication, the use of computer databases to hold staff information and generate reports.Pareek U, (2004), states that, Furthermore, with global standardization of policies practices and HRM philosophies, the HR needs to diversify their strategies. Also organizations need to react in a way that is satisfactory to both the employees and consumers. For example, HR manager should emphasize on employing people who know proper hygiene when preparing food for the customers, in ternary years ago MacDonalds food chain received complaints from his customer that the food prepared was not good for the health of people, whereby their food contained a lot of fat and other unhealthy contents. Thus individuals who used to be loyal customers had a risk of becoming obese. At the same time, workers left their work due to the complaints from customers. MacDonalds therefore lost a lot of customers in a certain point as before, but after sometime, they changed the way of preparing their food and how they offer their services, then the number of customers also increased much more than the previous.According to Bernardin, (2003) Meeting the expectations of the law, the employer has the legal responsibility to ensure that no unlawful discrimination occurs in the recruitment and selection process on the grounds of sex, race, disability, sexual orientation, age and religion. Equality of opportunity, its an integral part of the recruitment and selection process and to this end employers may offer training and encouragement to any under represented groups.Brewster C et al, (2007) states that, Employees and their representatives will also have an interest in fair, non discriminatory recruitment and selection policies, and they should be fully consulted when new procedures are introduced or existing procedures reviewed. The sex discrimination Act 1975, the race relation Act 1976 and 2000, the employment equality regulations and the disability discrimination ACT 1995 set out the legal requirements for employers.Capon C, (2004), States that, The organisations should be aware that the provisions of the disability discrimination Act 1995 not only make it unlawful to discriminate against disabled individuals without justifiable reason but also require employers to make reasonable adjustments to the workplace or works arrangements. Detailed guidance is available in the code of practice on the elimination of discrimination in employment. Robert et al (2004), and Dessler, (2005),Some of the issues which make the link between HRM and Globalisation more intensified include the rate at which the HR mana ger responds to Global-economic activities. For example if there is an absolute market in a different country, the HR department is responsible for defining means of which the business will perform in order to capture the market, including recruiting the right people for the job, and training them for them to learn how to develop. Pareek U, (2004),In conclusion, responding to intensified competition is crucial for an organisation since without competition its difficult to progress and offer excellent services. As a HR manager, understanding this idea will help the manager in defining exactly what the organisation prefers in terms of who to employ, and as a result, the right people will be employed for the job thus generate profit. In addition, the profit will even be high since the global economy has offered more market portion to businesses.ReferenceCapon C, (2004), understanding organisational context 2nd Edition, Pearson education limited England.Brewster C et al, (2007) intern ational human resource management, 2nd chartered institute of personnel and development, London.Pareek U, (2004), designing and managing human resource systems 3rd edition, Vijay Primlani, freshly Delhi.Mendenhall M, (2007), international human resource management, 4th Edition, Routledge, London.Matthewss J et al, (2004), human resource development 3rd edition Kogan page, New DelhiDecenzo, D and Robbins, S (2004), Personnel/Human Resource Management, Third Edition, Prentice Hall Inc, New Delhi.S. Skinner, (1998), Marketing, Houghton Mifflin, the StatesBernardin J, (2003), Human Resource Management, Third Edition, Tata McGraw- Hall, New DelhiRobert C, et al (2004), Managing Human Resource, Third Edition, Pearson Education Inc, New DelhiDessler G, (2005),Human Resource Management, Ninth Edition, Pearson Education, New DelhiPorter, M, (1998), Competitive Strategy, Free Press, USASaiyadain M (2004), Human Resources Management, Third Edition, Tata McGraw- Hall, New Delhi

Impact of Medication Therapy on Diabetes

Impact of Medication Therapy on DiabetesFor Doctors and PatientsStudies show that intensive medication therapy to control glucose levels may not be the most effective treatment approach for type 2 diabetes. Insulin therapy results in heaviness gain, which can be excessive, worsening cardiovascular happen profile.Reversing Heart DiseaseExcess caloric outlay lets the buildup of cholesterol and plaque inside of the blood vessels. Lowering your cholesterol with cholesterol-lowering drugs does not decrease the risk of portentous strokes. Lowering cholesterol with nutritional excellence, however, can offer more protection and disease reversal than drug therapy can, without the risk or expense of prescription medication.The goal is a low body-fat percentage, which is best achieved by convinced(p) regular exercise and nutritional excellence. Nutritional interventions are effective forLowering cholesterol and lipid risk markersLosing weight and glucose intolerance, reversing the diabe tic processReducing inflammatory and clot-promoting tendenciesReducing the tendency toward arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, touchwood attack, and strokeManaging Insulin spend for Type 1 DiabetesEarly onset heart disease in batch with type 1 diabetes is linked to insulin resistance. That means excessive amounts of insulin is dangerous for type 1 diabetics because it can cause heart disease. But when type 1 diabetics follow the nutritarian dieting approach, they require substantially less insulin, cut the risk of heart disease and hypoglycemia.Diabetes During PregnancyGestational diabetes is a pregnancy-related condition affecting over 5 percent of pregnancies in which women develop high blood glucose in the diabetic range. Gestational diabetes develops when the pancreas cant set out sufficient insulin to keep up with the bodys higher demand during pregnancy. Overweight women are more prone to gestational diabetes.Gestational diabetes poses an increased risk to both mother and c hild. Elevated glucose level increases the size of the baby resulting in delivery complications. It also increases the risk of the baby having underdeveloped lungs and respiratory distress after birth.Gestational diabetes is characterized by very strong insulin resistance, so if insulin is prescribed to treat the condition, the superman must be high. High dosage of insulin is dangerous because it can induce neonatal hypoglycemia and preterm delivery. So an aggressive antidiabetic protocol is mandatory to reverse gestational diabetes quickly without the use of risky drugs.A Sample Phase One (Aggressive) diabetic Reversal Diet for Newly Diagnosed Gestational DiabetesThis is also a version of the phase one diet plan to follow if you are on diabetic medications, yet still have a desist glucose level above 150. Your glucose level will drop quickly under this strict diet. Once your numbers game are more favorable, and you are reducing medication, then you can move on to phase deuce of the program. Make sure you reduce or eliminate mediations to prevent hypoglycemia.Follow this plan until your blood chicken feed is favorable.BreakfastBecause insulin resistance is the highest in the morning, eat low-glycemic plant foods for breakfast. Avoid grains, beans or fruits, except some berries. Use one of the below suggestion per meal.A green salad with a creamy hemp seed herb tea dressing. Half cup of berries.A roasted eggplant casserole. Half cup of berries.LunchChoose deuce of the below suggestions per mealA vegetable-bean soup made with low-salt tomato and celery juice base. A manger of shredded lettuce and raw spinach.Roasted tufu slices wrapped in raw collard green leaves.Zucchini-cauliflower casserole.Spicy beans or lentils (1 cup) served impatient over a bed of shredded raw vegetables.DinnerInclude all three below per mealSteamed green vegetables, crushed raw walnuts, and toasted almond slivers.Raw vegetable served with a humus or salsa dip.One fresh fruit, or two kiwis or some berries for dessert.

The Impact Of Maybank Online Banking Information Technology Essay

The Impact Of May swan Online Banking Information Technology EssayComputing and IT in the body of work is one of the vital modules that must be deeply studied due to its widely importance which feeling on organizations development and behaviour. In this report we forget shows an explanation slightly Online Banking constitution in May wedge. And we volition re go out what the functionality, advantages and disadvantages, and the impact of May jargon Online Banking remains. In addition, we im array discuss the similarities and differences of Maybank Online Banking system with lucre and The World Wide Web, security measures Issues, and Real-Time-Systems with a recomm fireations and solutions for future enhancement.IntroductionAs mentioned on (whitethornbank2u.com.my, 2010) Malayan Banking Berhad or Maybank was in incarnated in Malaysia on 31 May 1960 and commenced operations on 12 September 1960. On 17 February 1962, Maybank was listed on the so Kuala Lumpur Stock Ex qualif y (today Bursa Malaysia). Maybank is today among the result companies by market jacketisation on Bursa Malaysia.Maybank is Malaysias largest financial unravel group with total assets exceeding RM330 billion. The Group has an extensive global ne cardinalrk of 1,750 offices in 14 countries that is to say Malaysia, capital of Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, United Kingdom, U.S.A., Bahrain, Papua New Guinea, Pakistan and Uzbekistan.The Group offers a comprehensive range of financial dish of processs and products ranging from commercial banking, investing banking, Islamic banking, bankers bills issuance, offshore banking, leasing and hire purchase, insurance, factoring, trustee operate, asset management, stock broking, nominee services, venture capital and Internet banking. Today, the Maybank Group has oer 39,000 employees who serve over 16 million customers worldwide, with 9.5 million customers in Malaysia alone.Maybank has been systematic all(prenominal)y ranked among Malaysias most valuable brands. It is also ranked first among Malaysian banks by Brand render in its Global 500 survey and 118th among the top 1,000 banks in the world by The Banker Magazine.A legacy of Growth and LeadershipMaybank is the largest bancasssurance player in the region and its internet banking enjoys over 50% of market fortune in Malaysia. Its Islamic banking arm, Maybank Islamic Berhad, is No 1 in the Asia Pacific region today and among the worlds top 15 Islamic banks.The Groups Insurance Business under the Etiqa brand is among the top in the indus attack oblation Life and General conventional insurance as well as Family and General Takaful plans. Investment Banking Group, spearheaded by Maybank Investment Bank, one of the leading investment banks in Malaysia, offers a comprehensive range of investment solutions, from corporate finance to debt capital markets, equity markets to research and strategic advisory.Maybank has r eceived numerous awards as testimony to its lead and innovation in product offerings and services. The Groups foundation of strength, consistent record of profitability and strong balance public opinion poll is testament to its resilience in all economic cycles.Corporate ResponsibilityThe Group has over the days placed a priority on creation a responsible corporate citizen through heterogeneous activities, initiatives and programmes, with the primary objective of making a difference in the community, environment and human capital development. As a responsible organisation, we embrace industry best forms in corporate governance by promoting a culture of excellence, transp arncy, integrity and coverability in our daily operations.Celebrating 50 years in 2010This year, Maybank celebrates its 50th anniversary.Functionality of maybank Online BankingMayBank online system allows people to perform Banking activities. It provides a fast and convenient port of performing common banki ng operations on the Internet. If you take over a computer with Internet vex, a sack up browser, youll be able to do your banking from the creature comforts of home, office or practical(prenominal)ly anywhere else in the world.Maybank ATM/ denomination card holder has to decl are before he clear get to Maybank internet banking system online for the first time only. here(predicate), much(prenominal) flesh out on how to apply as mentioned on (maybank2u.com.my, 2010)Go to the nearest Maybank ATM.Enter you Maybank ATM/ de nonation card.From the chief(prenominal) menu, Choose Maybank2u Services.Choose Maybank2u Application.Enter your take 6-digit Maybank2u.com PIN.Repeat the same PIN again to confirm.Then, Maybank ATM/ acknowledgement card holder has to complete registration byGo to www.maybank2u.com.Click on Login.Click on Login for new users.Read the Terms and Conditions, then click on the Accept saveton.Enter the ATM/credit card number that you used to apply for your Maybank2u.com in the Access Number field.Enter the 6-digit Maybank2u.com PIN that you have selected and click on Activate.Enter your preferred username and countersignature for all future entryion.Now, Applying and registration has been completed. And the Maybank ATM/credit card holder can entranceway his bank note easily byGo to www.maybank2u.com.Click on login.Enter your username and password that you select before.By accessing Maybank online system user can banking online and performs his/her banking activities remotely.The system provides a locoweed of functions which make the banking Processes easier for the users. Here more details on what user can do through the system.Accounts Banking let users to mess and manage their accounts, make payments, and transfer storehouses.Bill Payment allow users to pay their bills from almost 600 payee corporations available, pay their Maybankard credit card bill, pay their income tax to LHDN, make DMP Payment, and pay their American E xpress charge card bills.Transfers allow users to transfer funds amid their testify accounts, to an or so separate persons Maybank account, to a local account or to an account overseas.Fixed Deposits allow users to view their existing fixed deposit account details, make an online localisation or upliftment.Rewards Points allow users to check their TreatsPoints or their American Express rewards.InvestmentAllow users to trade exploitation Online Stocks, make an EPF payment or manage their EPF accounts, apply for eShare or manage their CDS accounts, choose a fund allocation, view a Maybank Investment portfolio report, commemorate their ASNB Account and make Additional Purchases, view their FCA account details, and view their GSPA account details.InsuranceAllow users to purchase and renew their insurance policy or purchase.LoansAllow users to view and manage their personal, home, and car loans.Mobile BankingAllow users to sign up for Mobile Financial Services (mobile banking acco unt), register their number and dislodge their Service Provider.Personal DetailsAllow users to change their login password, update customer touch sensation knowledge, view their personal details and update their pro consign.Buy OnlineAllow users to top up their mobile prepaid, steal prepaid mobile and MYeCASH PIN, reload or buy their IDD/STD card and internet prepaid.Maybank SGAllow users to access their Maybank Singapore account.Bills StatementsAllow users to view their bank trading statement, bills and credit card statements, loans statement, and their debit and credit banking advices and notices.Advantages of MayBank Online BankingPay a billElectronic bill payment service allows a depositor to send currency from his or her online account to a creditor or merchant, for example to a public utility or a surgical incision store. in that location is no need to stand in a long line on a pass morning to handle your proceedings.Transfer fundsWith online banking, you can make b ills transfer between your own accounts, or send silver to a third party account. All you need is recipient/payee information and enough funds in your account. Quite often, the operations are performed in real time vision automatically updated spending reportAll your purchases are sorted into familiar categories automatically to save, no expenses to enter. It is flourishing to see where your money goes.Track your payment historyOnline banking gives you an opportunity to search your payments by transaction type, date, explanation or amount. When did you sound pay Company X? When did you buy your computer? To whom did you make your most new-made payment? Your bank knows the answers.Schedule payments in advanceMost banks offer customers the ability to schedule a payment on a specified date. Once the amount is entered and the payee is checked off, the funds are automatically deducted from your online bank account.Take advantage of online brokerageInternet banking lets you invest online. You can place and confirm trades 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Most banks provide a wide range of money market instruments from various issuers.Change contact detailsYou can log in to your online account and change contact information (e-mail address, telephone number, password, etc.). It is more secure than to send this information by e-mail.Get alertsThis service allows you to receive timely e-mail messages from your bank about any critical changes related to your Internet accounts. For example, you can get alerts when you make a withdrawal or change your contact information.Disadvantages of MayBank Online BankingSecurityYes, online banking is generally secure, exclusively it certainly isnt al instructions secure. Identity theft is running rampant, and banks are by no means immune. And in one case your information is compromised, it can take months or even years to correct the damage, not to mention possibly costing you thousands of dollars, as well.Some online bank s are more stable than others. Not all online setups are an appendage of a brick-and-mortar bank. Some operate completely in cyberspace, without the put on of an branch that you can actually visualise if need be. With no way to physically check out the operation, you must be sure to well do your homework about the banks background before giving them any of your moneyLearning abridgeCustomer service can be below the quality that youre used to. Some people manifestly take comfort in being able to talk to other human being opposite if they experience a problem. Although most major banks employ a dedicated customer service department specifically for online users, going through the dreaded telephone menu can still be sort of irritating to many. Again, about are considerably better (or worse) than others.Slow processingFrom the moment you entered a financial transaction with your bank via the computer. Usually the bank will require you to submit certain documents like an identif ication card, signature and the like. Not only will the bank online require you to submit documents but also to provide special power of attorney in cases where you want to do transactions together with your spouse. A cover example is when you want to manage all your wealth and resources together as a couple and you give care to view it online. Certain technical operations regarding online banking may be taxing too and complicated.As a result, not all online transactions are immediate. Online banking is subject to the same business-day parameters as traditional banking. Therefore, printing out and safe guardianship receipts is still very important, even when banking online.The Impact of MayBank Online BankingThe Online Banking services in Maybank have profound changes during the last decade. The most obvious change has been the large number of bank mergers, which have increased both the middling size of banks and the area over which they operate. Other changes may also prove dra matic but are at this point just getting under way the growth of Internet banking and the combination of banking with other financial services, such as insurance and securities underwriting.The implications of these changes for the profitability and safety of banks have been widely discussed, but what do they mean for local economies? Some analysts argue that the changes will improvement most communities by increasing the publics access to financial services and making it easier for banks to continue lending during regional economic downturns. Others argue that the changes will end up hurting many communities, especially underageer ones, because the large organizations created by mergers will be dulled in serving midget customers and will siphon off funds from smaller markets to lend in big cities. To shed light on the debate, this article focuses on the two groups that are most probable to be affected by the transformation of banking.Consumers and small businesses. Before the new-fangled changes, surveys consistently found that these two groups relied heavily on local banks for their credit and payments needs. It stands to intellectual, thitherfore, that they would also be the groups most affected by any changes in local banking practices resulting from consolidation, Internet banking, or financial integration. A further reason for foc apply on small businesses is that these enterprises play an especially important role in the economic performance of smaller communities the communities where there has been the greatest c erstrn about the possible adverse effects of the transformation in banking. The article concludes that the recent changes in banking are apparent to benefit consumers and small businesses in most communities, as long as they remain free to choose between small and large banks for their banking services. The first section of the article reviews the common chord majorChanges in the banking system consolidation, Internet banking, and f inancial integration. The next two sections argue that these changes are likely to benefit both consumers and small businesses, provided small banks are available to fill any gaps in service or credit to smaller customers. The last section concludes that small banks face a major but not insurmountable obstacle in continuing to fill this role-the increased difficulty of obtaining funds.THE IMPACT OF THE ONLINE BANKING ON CONSUMERSConsumers have traditionally relied on nearby banks and branches for many of their banking services. The transformation of online banking in Maybank now under way will hurt consumers by raising the price or reducing the quality of these services. Or the changes benefit consumers by expanding the array of services will offered by banks and allowing consumers to go outside the local market for banking services. It was once thought that the main benefit to consumers of online banking would be lower fees for banking services or higher(prenominal) rates on deposi ts. According to this view, the cost to banks of online transactions would be very much lower than the cost of traditional transactions through a normal branch. As a result, consumers would be charged lower fees orPaid higher deposit rates if they banked online instead of going to a branch office. Proponents of this view pointed to the example of online brokers, who charge investors much little for trading stocks than either discount brokers or traditional full-commission brokers (Marks).THE IMPACT OF ONLINE BANKING ON SMALL BUSSINESS bid consumers, small businesses have traditionally obtained most of their banking services from nearby banks and branches. Will the transformation of banking hurt small businesses by shifting ownership of these banking offices to large, distant organizations un diverted in dealing with small customers? Or will it admirer small businesses by making banking and other financial services cheaper and more convenient.As noted earlier, mergers have signif i coin bankly increased the share of banking resources controlled by large, widely dispersed organizations. Some observers worry that this change in the banking system will end up reducing the total egress of credit to small businesses. These observers acknowledge that around of the businesses that are denied credit as a result of bank mergers may be bad risks that should not have received loans in the first place. They argue, however, that mergers will also reduce the supply of credit to many profound risks, hurting the local economy.As in the case of consumers, the main benefit of online banking in Maybank to small businesses is likely to be greater doohickey. For several years, large businesses have enjoyed electronic access to their banks through private computer networks. Internet banking in Maybank is now extending that access to smaller businesses. Some bank web sites allow small business customers to view their balances in real time, transfer money between accounts, and originate wire transfers. A smaller number of bank web sites also offer coin management services and payroll services. Industry observers predict that more banks will offer such services over time because small businesses are among their most profitable customers. Large banks have shown particular affaire in this area, apparently viewing online banking as a way to lure small business customers aside from smaller banksInternet and World Wide WebMaybank shoot away Transfer and the InternetThe internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers and it plays the main role in Maybank transaction system especially online banking, because all the transaction is done by Internet and without the internet there is no online banking. Maybank has become very popular in a world of electronic debits and transfers and other banking activity that, until recently, you would have to have made a misstep to the bank to do. All aspects of modern society has benefited from online banking because of the convenience that the internet offers. Internet banks have to make themselves hypnotic to potential customers. They do this by offering high-yield checking accounts. Internet banks have the comfort of doing so because they do not have the same overhead cost as normal banks. Internet banks are much cheaper to operate than traditional banks, so Internet banks can pass the savings on to their customers. Once they have secured your business, Internet banks offer you other services. You will be able to complete your checking, savings, credit cards, mortgages, investments, bill payments and much more from the comfort of your own living room.Maybank has developed a product package designed to provide unproblematic and secure file exchange between the bank and its customers through any of three (3) delivery take Web, Desktop Connection or Secure transfer. But in todays networked world of the internet, the browser and e-mail are the ubiquitous software tools used for information exchange. These tools do not adequately support secure file transfer of any matter but small files while the ability to track and audit file movement is limited. With M-Secure File Transfer OBS, banks can transmit and receive data automatically without scripts or manual intervention using the web, OBS Desktop Connection Client or Secure FTP. Online Messenger will regularly check for files to be delivered to clients or sent to the bank from designated folders on the customers PC. Customers only have to place a file in the designated send folder and the file will be automatically transmitted to the bank. No complicated FTP processes, no modems, no scripts. Data Delivery is secure, using a strong encryption algorithm puffer with a 448-bit key. Each user has a unique User ID and Password that must be changed each 30 days.E-CommerceE-commerce is business transaction that occurs over the internet and online banking system in Maybank makes it easier, for inst ance, all these business and transactions can be done and paid at home if you use Maybank online banking. Without the online banking, e-commerce would be difficult and we will have to do these businesses by ourselves because once you want to buy something from the internet youll have to transfer the money and that means going to the bank and do all the transactions and that costs us time, effort and money.communicationsOne type of internet banking that Maybank has is Communicative and this type of Internet banking system allows some interaction between the banks systems and the customer. The interaction may be limited to electronic mail, account inquiry, loan applications, or static file updates (name and address changes). Because these servers may have a path to the banks internal networks, the risk is higher with this configuration than with informational systems.RecommendationsHere are some recommendations for Maybank in order to achieve a better online bankingProbably the first thing to think about with online banking would be the convenience. I rede for Maybank to give us the access to the online banking anytime of the day by improving their online system, because sometimes I have to transfer money for emergency but when I try to access my online banking I found it suspended and thats causes a lot of troubles.Compare the online banking services in Maybank with other banks in order to offer the best services to the customers.Train all the employees on questions customers will learn about online banking in order to make them get a clear idea about it, because some people till now are still afraid of online banking and dont use it. I also suggest for Maybank to make advertisements about this point.As a conclusion, online banking is a part of Internet and all the transactions system occurs by the internet. Like the internet, online banking has his own services and those services such as transfer money which cant be done without the internet and thats one th e common things between them. I suggest for Maybank to improve the convenience system and train all the employees to make people get a clear idea about online banking.Security IssuesSimilarities/ Secure WebsitesA secure website is a website using encryption and authentication standards to protect the confidentiality of web transactions.Digital certificatesDigital certificate is a form of electronic credentials for the Internet. Digital certificate is issued by a trusted third party to establish the identity of the ID holder. The third party who issues certificates is known as a Certification Authority (CA). Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol from Verisign Certificate Authority. SSL is a secure way of transferring information between two computers on the Internet using encryption. Strong end to end encryption is also adopted within the banks computer networks and resources. To ensure data confidentiality and integrity, all information transmitted over the Internet is encrypted using the 128-bit (maybank2u.com.my, 2010). Maybank2u.com is WebTrust certified. This certifies our compliance with leading international security standards and Best Practices, as well as our commitment to maintaining a secure environment. WebTrust is an independent corporation that monitors and tests our facilities to assure that we maintain the highest and most current standards in Internet information security and exchange (maybank2u.com.my, 2010).As mentioned on (info.ssl.com, 2006) There are two ship canal to make sure that Maybank2u.com.my is a secure website1) Check the web paginate URLNormally, when browsing the web, the URLs (web page addresses) begin with the letters http. However, over a secure connection the address discovered should begin with https note the s at the end.2) Check for the Lock iconThere is a de facto standard among web browsers to display a lock icon somewhere in the window of the browser (NOT in the web page display area) For example, Microsoft Internet E xplorer displays the lock icon in the lower-right of the browser windowAs another example, Mozillas FireFox Web Browser displays the lock icon in the lower-left corner.- co-occurrenceMaking copies of data so that these additional copies may be used to restore the original after a data loss event.Backup procedureA fireman procedure represents the way you back up your files. Any relief procedure starts with a concept of a data repository. The backup data needs to be stored and organized. Therefore, its important to establish your backup procedure before choosing the backup solution that is right for you. Different backup procedure has different advantages.Maybank has its own backup procedure performing as followDay of WeekWeekly Full Backup with Daily Differential BackupWeekly Full Backup with Daily Incremental BackupsunshineA full backup is performed.A full backup is performed.MondayA derivative backup contains all changes since Sunday.An incremental backup contains changes since Sunday.TuesdayA differential backup contains all changes since Sunday.An incremental backup contains changes since Monday.WednesdayA differential backup contains all changes since Sunday.An incremental backup contains changes since Tuesday.ThursdayA differential backup contains all changes since Sunday.An incremental backup contains changes since Wednesday.FridayA differential backup contains all changes since Sunday.An incremental backup contains changes since Thursday.SaturdayA differential backup contains all changes since Sunday.An incremental backup contains changes since Friday.Differences/-Sensitive username and Password to access bank account onlineTo prevent unauthorised access to our online financial services, every customer is required to select a username and an alphanumeric password, which provides access to their financial information. The username must be between 6 to 16 characters and the alphanumeric password between 8 to 12 characters. The password must include bot h alphabets and numbers but you may also use special characters (e.g. * $) moreover spaces (maybank2u.com.my, 2010).-PhishingPhishing is a high-tech scam that uses spam or pop-up messages to attempt to deceive you into disclosing your credit card numbers, bank account information, Social Security number, passwords, and / other sensitive information.Phishing is the term coined by hackers who imitate legitimate companies in e-mails to entice people to share passwords or credit card numbers.Report on phishingMaybank made a hotline which you can contact and report about phishing and avoid being a victim of it. To protect yourself from being a victim of email or SMS Phisihng If you receive suspicious messages, contact immediately at 03-5891 4744.Real-Time-SystemsMy bank technology system is functional now, but as a feasibility demonstration, not a back up product. Its ability to transfer funds between its internal micro acounts and external accounts via the Automated Clearing support is turned off. The name, my bank, is a place holder for an eventual company name.Many online banking customers reuse their banking login credentials to access other websites, putting themselves at risk of account seizeing and online banking fraud, according to a study by Trusteer Inc.MY BANK-based online security vendor found that 73% of bank customers use their Internet banking password to access non-financial and less secure websites. Forty-seven percent use both their online banking user ID and password on other websites.The practice puts online banking customers at risk because criminals are using a variety of methods including database hacks, brute forcing and phishing to harvest login credentials from non-financial websites, such as social networking sites and Web-based email services, according to Trusteer. Thieves can then test the credentials on financial-services sites to hijack accounts and commit online banking fraud.Money Trouble in MY BANKA series of upsets could spell trouble for my banks virtual economyTheres a long line of avatars waiting to use the automatic-teller machines for Ginko Financial, a virtual bank in the online game Second Life. For more than a week, account holders have been demanding their money back in what some folks are calling a bank run.Set off by high interest rates and a recent ban on in-game gambling, the bank run could ultimately have a major effect on the games economy. The theft of approximately $12,000 from the My bank World Stock Exchange doesnt help matters either.My bank, is an online world where players can buy and sell all kinds of goods and services. The games economy is based on fictional currency, called linden dollars. But those dollars do have real-world value players can buy or sell Linden dollars at a rate of about L$270 to $1 on the Lindex market. My banks website even boasts that thousands of residents are making part or all of their real life income from their My bank businesses.Now the entire M y bank economywhich could affect more than 8.5 million playersis in trouble.Although financial institutions in My bank are careful to define themselves as games, some My bank banks offer more than 100 percent annual interesta tempting rate when combined with the adventure of turning Lindens into U.S. dollars via the Lindex. Right along with the promise of turning virtual currency into real-life riches are problems with how some Second Life financial institutions are run, says Robert Bloomfield, an economist at Cornell University who makes a serious hobby of canvas My banks economy.The average person who goes to a real-world bank isnt aware that theres a large regulatory body keeping track of the reserves the bank has, he says. But banks in Second Life, which Bloomfield compares with the Wild West, are shady and unregulated. Ginko Financials CEO, Andre Sanchez, of Sao Paolo, Brazil, has refused to release records of Ginkos investments or financial history, and he has not revealed a clear plan for returning peoples moneyNOW THER IS 3 Reasons Not to Use Online Bank Accounts* Customer Service with Online Bank Accounts One reason to avoid online banks is that you may run into bad customer service. With a brick-and-mortar bank, youll likely have some familiarity with the staff. At a small credit union, the staff cogency know you well.Why does this matter? Its easier to get good service if you know the staff and they know you. You can pick and choose who you deal with. However, if your online bank account offers any phone service, you have to take your chances with the 1-800 Lottery. You might get somebody helpful and knowledgeable, or you might not.* Online Bank Accounts and Speed of ClearingThe internet is supposed to make things faster. However, you might have to wait a long time for checks to clear. You certainly cant ask for a cashiers check if youre in the middle of a crisis and you need settled money yesterday.Likewise, deposits to your online

Implementation At Indo Rama Synthetics Information Technology Essay

Implementation At Indo Rama Synthetics randomness Technology EssayBefore the year 2000, at INDO RAMA SYNTHETICS LTD., individual division worked independently to achieve its pre delimit corporate objectives. Every depgraphicsment used contrary tools and softwargon. For example, the drudgery subdivision used MIMS computer softw atomic number 18, accounts department used FoxPro and KICKS for its functionalities, while securities industrying department used tools which were non robust comely to confine boilersuit marketing functions. Lots of stem work in Human imaginativeness anxiety was mind boggling and season consuming. This deficiencyed inter-departmental coordination and hampered education sharing. For example, a department lay down it difficult to know about the stock kept by a nonher(prenominal) department even in dates of urgency due to lack of training. register focus al moods plays an important role in manufacturing industry, Indo Rama harbord to han dle it more usefully. All these were the matters of concern for a beau monde shoot for to be the best in its air globall(a)y. in that location was a need of cross-functional and stage business sour desegregation. So that company could react to changes in the market and economy in the most(prenominal) effective way.To overcome much(prenominal) problems, Indo Rama intractable to go for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The company decided to follow through ERP from twenty-one ( presidency Application Product). Indo Rama has been on SAP ERP platform since 2000, one of the front companies in India to migrate to the SAP platform. Also, recognizing core competence principles, the company outsourced its IT functions to ACCENTURE TECHNOLOGIES LTD., a global outsourcing firm, in July 2001. Accenture provides IT radix primary(prenominal)tainment for all company locations, all legacy arrangings and ERP. All locations argon connected on Wide heavens Network (WAN) to the su bstitution server located at yetibori, Nagpur.INDO RAMA SYNTHETICS LTD. has implemented quad study modules in SAP ERP gross sales Distribution (SD) pay approach (FICO) genuine worry (MM)Plant Maintenance (PM)All major sites shoot been sack up-walled all locations have anti-spam and anti-virus computer softw are installed. The ERP and the internet have clearly defined password, tables of authorities and levels of adit. Indo Rama Synthetics has in like manner launched an intranet facility, Antarnaad, where internal policies, notices and other relevant administrational information are stored. Other finish software that are in motion at Indo Rama include the Leave perplexity System, EMIS (where counselling reports for respective(a) levels are generated) and an auction site for vendor heed.For its dialogues backbone, Indo Rama uses a Virtual confidential Network (VPN), through which all locations are linked. The company has adopted aspect Express for mail communica tions with a Linux-based back-end.During 2007-08, the IT team at Indo Rama undertook some(prenominal) projects. The key ones are expanded below.IRSL IRPL merger projectIndo Rama Synthetics Ltd. has merged Indo Rama Petrochemicals Ltd into itself. The incumbent changes needed to integrate the two entities in the ERP platform have been completed. information CenterThe company built a newfound state of the art info centre at Butibori, Nagpur. All servers, the WAN and other net income equipment are housed in this data center. The data center has been protected against unofficial access and potential mishaps. Biometric security musical arrangements ensure that only authorized person feces enter and access the data servers. Sophisticated placements have been installed for fire detection and suppression, water leakage, rodent damage and variations in ambient temperature and environment. entropy backup of the SAP arranging is taken on tapes attached to SAP servers. One copy of the tapes is stored in a fireproof safe at data center and another at a location extraneous from the factory. Every month, a set of tapes are likewise sent to the new-made Delhi office for safe storage.Packing SystemThe legacy packing and arranging system, which records the carton / box information and prints the labels, was on a FoxBASE database management system. This masking has been converted onto an Oracle platform with enhanced features and functionality.Attendance Tracking SystemAn attendance tracking system is installed at each department, which read the fingerbreadth print responses of the employees every time they enter or leave the premises. It reduces the paper work and man power required to track the attendance.Signifi screwingce of the submitA say was carried out keeping the functional working of IT department in view and its desegregation with other departments. Working and spending time with major departments helped us in drafting this report in the mise e n scene of over all company objectives and strategies that necessitate a holistic come on cutting across various functional areas grocerying, Human Resource, Operations, Finance and key out of reasoning environment.By implementing SAP ERP modules, manufacturing companies can attain Cross-Functional and commercial enterprise Process integration required for information and data sharing across the organization. These functionalities save resource, cost and invaluable time enabling the company to react fast enough to changes in market, competition and economy.IntroductionCompany ProfileThe journey of Indo Rama base began with the establishment of Ashok Textiles Limited, Nepal in year 1969. Indo Rama Synthetics ( I ) Ltd. as a care for dream of Mr. O. P. Lohia (Chief Managing Director, IRSL) came into inception at Pithampura, Indore in year 1989. Indo Rama group have its subsidiaries in Indonesia, Srilanka, Malaysia, Nepal and India.ISO9001, 9002 certified Indo Rama, is among t he leading producers of polyester with its products namely Poly Staple Fiber, Partially oriented Yarn, Draw Textured Yarn, Fully Drawn Yarn and Polyester Chips are exported to Ger some, Portugal, Greece, flop and Italy.Company believes in product technological advancements and is under technical collaborationism with USA based DuPont and Japan based Toyobo. It uses most in advance(p) machines from a German manufacturer Barmag and USA based Chemetex Intl.Indo Rama is highly committed to environmental regulations and best practices. Its priorities include minimizing waste, recycling, re development effluents, controlling emissions, and plantation.The company invests significantly to reduce workplace accidents and ensure safety. Housing colonies, schools and health centers are built by the company as a part of corporate social responsibility.Objectives of the studyTo insure IT infrastructure management and study SAP ERP modules Material attention, gross revenue and Distribution, frame Processing, monetary way, Plant Maintenance at Indo Rama Synthetics Ltd.Study shall help Indo Rama by providing the preliminary work, steps and evaluation required to go ahead in integrating the existing and proposed initiatives, through IT infrastructure management and SAP ERP modules.Study shall help in sympathiseing the importance of Cross-Functional and Business Process integration by adopting IT tools and functionalities, so that manufacturing companies can react fast enough to changes in the market and economy.Brief description of the patternsERP An overviewIn the manufacturing industry, MRP (Material Requirement Planning) became the fundamental concept of labor management and control in the mid 1970s. At this defend BOM ( measuring of Materials), which is purchase severalize management that utilizes separate list management and parts development, was in the mainstream. And this concept (MRP) unfolded from launch scrutinize management of materials to plant and military unit prep and distribution proviso, which in turn became MRP-II (Manufacturing Resource Planning). This incorporated toil management, pecuniary accounting, human resource management, gross revenue and distribution management functions and management accounting functions. It came to globally cover all areas of enterprise mainstay business and eventually came to be called ERP.Enterprise Resource Planning covers the techniques and concept occupied for the integrated management of business as a whole, from the view rase of the effective use of management resources, to remedy the efficiency of an enterprise. ERP packages are integrated software packages that support sales management, production management, accounting and financial affairs.ERP SystemManufacturing stock list precautionSales and DistributionFinanceHuman ResourceLogistics managementOperations part ManagementERP Implementation Its relevanceThe basic radical of ERP is to assimilate companys data at some c entral location or repository where it can be checked, matched, and shared across the organization. This data is hence used for resource planning at bottom the organization in colligation with the decision systems. Here, INDO RAMA SYNTHETICS aimed at eliminating wasteful duplication of data with the help of ERP.There are various techniques to improve production and efficiency across an organization much(prenominal) as Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma Quality, Employee Involvement, Factory Automation, etc. These are excellent tools with enormous capabilities to support the business. But one can not achieve the full potential of business with these tools and technique unless they are plunk for by proper IT scheme, which helps in effective forecasting, planning, and scheduling process.ERP capital punishment is derived from factors such as the cost benefit analysis, decision making through pros and cons, delineate performance goals, data integrity issues and solutions, defining su rgeryal environment and software plectron.Business planning, strategy developmentBudgeting and forecasting toil plan and curriculumMaterial compulsionWork load calculation and resource planningMonitoring operations and overall executionPerformance measurement, learning and feedback body-build 1 ERP-related process in manufacturing industries.Mapping IT strategic initiative to ERPA few essential steps should be taken while deploying ERP in business processVisualization Visualization of need for ERP and impact on production and organization.Strategy formulation Formulation of a strategy for ERP implementation and the need for the organization to respond to the changes.Planning of resources Planning the resources and the overall business.Structuring and prioritization The structuring of the organization and objectives along with prioritization of business initiatives needs to be outlined in detail before embarking on ERP.Transition The organization ought to be readied for its transi tion to ERP paradigm.Deployment Deployment of the system and new technologies. It as well as includes deployment of new tools.A proper ERP system selection and implementation helps the management to a large extent. There are various phases in the life motorcycle of ERP the major parts of which are planning, implementation and operation phases. IT enables communication mingled with various parts of ERP and establishes an integrated ERP system.Understand the product requirementSolution planningDesign phaseSLA presentation and acceptanceImplementation, scrutinyDeliveryOperationPlanImplementOperate come in 2 ERP project life cycle implementation egress Chain ManagementSupply arrange management (SCM) refers to the coordination of activities involved in making and locomote a product. SCM encompasses planning and management of all the activities involved in sourcing, procurance, conversion, and logistics management. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with th e extended organizations and channel partners, who can be suppliers, intermediaries, third companionship answer providers, and guests. SCM integrates and act as a balancing agent between supply and demand within and across companies. SCM brings value to business in price of innovation, improvement, cost, and quality.Innovation It brings value on table through extraordinary technology or new conceptual products. Innovation gives an organization a competitive edge over other competitors. SCM helps in this process by allowing/producing optimal volume (raw material or products) and also by change magnitude efficiency, thereby ultimately reducing the time to market.Cost An efficient operation with better resource management reduces the overall cost.Service Better assistance can always attract guests. It is definitely a competitive favour and SCM fundamentally contributes to it by its very nature.Quality The quality strategy dictates production of the best-in-the-class produc ts. SCM can also contribute to it through quality control and justice in production.SCM, ERP and IT Infrastructure are inter-related. ERP begins with the Material Requirement Planning as depicted in following figure.Using intranets and extranets, all members of the supply chain can instantly communicate with each other, using up-to-date information to adjust purchasing, logistics, manufacturing, packaging, and schedules. A standard set of tools that are used by companies all over the world to coordinate global supply set up that include participants from many countries. avocation figure explains intranet and extranet for SCM.Figure 3 Intranets and Extranets for Supply Chain ManagementIntranets integrate information from isolated business processes within the firm to help manage its internal supply chain. Access to these hush-hush intranets can also be extended to authorized suppliers, distributors, logistics services, and, sometimes, to retail customers to improve coordination of external supply chain processes.Inventory and acquire Management systemMRP(Material Requirement Planning)ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)ERP and SCM within the organizationERP and SCM across organizationsFigure 4 Evolution of ERP and SCMThe ERP functions from the perspective of supply chain optimization are shown in following flowchart.Overall process optimizationExpense optimization tax income and Profit optimizationLogistics optimizationKnowledge optimizationFigure 5 ERP optimization at various stages of supply chainThe business value of supply chain management systems includesStreamlined supply chain and stainless information. decreased supply chain costs.Increased sales through perfect product accessibility.IT plays a very important role in underdeveloped various functionalities and building an integrated system. Following figure highlights IT components in ERP, IT infrastructure and resources in SCM. The SCM planning is the input for ERP.Operating systemselective info rmation storeRetail LinkData, account, analysisForecastInventory planERPSCM Manufacturing planningFeedbackSERVERSIntelligent SystemsInternetFigure 6 ERP, IT Infrastructure and resources in SCMclient Relationship Management customers can be seen as an enterprises most valuable asset, and customer blood management enable large firms like Indo Rama Synthetics to understand and work with their customers. CRM can also be called a business strategy to select and manage the most valuable customer relationships. It supports effective marketing, sales and service processes. CRM is the process that manages the fundamental interaction between company and its customers. With the advent of sophisticated relation databases and data-mining techniques, CRM has enabled Indo Rama to specifically target customers to determine what products, services and value they want. CRM necessitates the co-occurrence of initiatives such as e-business, sales force effectiveness, customer service, customer relati onship planning, enterprise resource planning, and supply chain management with customer-accepted value propositions. But to enable CRM to meet the business objectives, it should be backed by IT strategies. The most telling benefit of IT-powered CRM is Return on Investment (ROI). The ROI from CRM typically comes in two forms. The first is cost reductions from increasing the efficiency. For example, when customer data helps an at bottom sales team maintain productivity levels with fewer resources, cost reductions do result. When the sales agents in the field spend less time manually entering data into slow legacy systems, companies do save time and money.CRM systems capture and integrate customer data from all over the organization, consolidating the data, analyzing the data, and therefore distributing the results to various systems and customer move points across the enterprise. A touch point (also known as a contact point) is a method of interaction with the customer, such as te lephone, e-mail, customer service desk, conventional mail, Web site, or retail store.CRM systems provide a single enterprise view of the customer and provide customers with a single view of the company regardless of the touch point the customer uses.Figure 7 guest Relationship ManagementCRM systems examine customers from a multifaceted perspective. These systems use a set of integrated applications to address all aspects of the customer relationship, including customer service, sales, and marketing.Good CRM systems provide data and analytical tools for determining the financial lifetime value of a customer and customer loyalty and for makeing fat customers and their needs.Commercial customer relationship management (CRM) software packages range from niche tools that perform limited functions, such as personalizing Web sites for specific customers, to large-scale enterprise applications. The more comprehensive CRM packages drive off modules forPartner relationship management (PRM ) PRM software uses many of the same data, tools, and systems as customer relationship management to enhance collaboration between a company and its selling partners. It provides a company and its selling partners with the ability to muckle information and distribute leads and data about customers, integrating lead generation, pricing, promotions, order phases and availability.Employee relationship management (ERM). ERM software deals with employee issues that are closely related to CRM, such as setting objectives, employee performance management, performance-based compensation, and employee training.CRM typically provide software or tools forSales force automation (SFA) SFA modules help sales staff step-up their productivity by focusing sales efforts on the most profitable customers. They provide sales prospect and contact information, product information, product configuration capabilities, and sales quote generation capabilities.Customer service Customer service modules provid e information and tools to make call centers, help desks, and customer support staff more efficient. They have capabilities for assigning and managing customer service requests and may include Web-based self-service capabilities.Marketing Marketing modules support direct-marketing campaigns with capabilities for capturing prospect and customer data, qualifying leads, and scheduling and tracking campaign mailings. They include tools for analyzing marketing and customer data-identifying profitable and unprofitable customers, designing products and services to satisfy specific customer needs and interests, and identifying opportunities for cross-selling, up-selling, and bundling. Cross-selling is the marketing of complementary products to customers. Up-selling is the marketing of higher-value products or services to new or existing customers. Bundling is cross-selling in which a combination of products is sell as a bundle at a price commence than the total cost of the individual prod ucts.Figure 8 How CRM supports MarketingCustomer relationship management software provides a single point for users to manage and evaluate marketing campaigns across multiple channels, including e-mail, direct mail, telephone, the Web, and wireless messages.The major CRM products support business processes in sales, service, and marketing, integrating customer information from many different sources. Following figure includes supports for both the operational and analytical aspects of CRM.Figure 9 CRM CapabilitiesCRM software can also be used to accession customer loyalty through customer service by identifying wanted customers and providing them with special services or offers.Following process map shows how a best practice for promoting customer loyalty through customer service would be modeled by customer relationship management. The CRM software helps firms identify high-value customers for preferential treatment.Figure 10 Customer Loyalty Management process mapThus, the busin ess value of CRM systems which benefits companies includesIncreased customer satisfaction reduce direct-marketing costsMore effective marketingLower costs for customer acquisition and retentionIncreased sales revenues through identifying profitable customersReduced churn rate The churn rate measures the number of customers who stop using or purchasing products or services from a company and is an important indicator of the growth or decline of a firms customer base. govern ProcessingAs soon as the clerk enters the order into the system, system checks the inventory records and finds out whether the gunpoints are acquirable or not. If the item are available, procedures are triggered automatically that provide inform the people in the sales and distribution department and the finance department. The information will prevail the enlarge of the items to be shipped, the most economic route to the customer and so on. Also, the system will trigger procedures in the financial module so that the storys are sent to the customer. The information is careenred Electronic Data Transfer (EDT) and the payments are real electronically through Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). If the items are not available, then the production-planning module makes a production schedule, which is made available to the production, materials management and plant maintenance modules so that everybody is prepared to start production as per the production schedule. The material requirement planning is done and any item that is not in stock is reproducible. If the supplier is connected to the company, the ordering and the associated processes demote electronically. The plant maintenance gets the list of machines required and ensures that all of them are available. Thus, the production of the item goes on without any hitches. An order entered into the ERP system by the order entry clerk triggers a whole lot of procedures and automatically performs a host of functions. All these processes take only a few proceedings to complete.ERP in Order ProcessingAfter the order is received, within a very short period of time the goods are on their way to the customer. If the goods are not readily available, the customer is informed about it and is presumptuousness the delivery schedule. Other than the order entry clerk and the people in the distribution, production and maintenance departments, all the other labors are done by the system and that too automatically. In a non-ERP environment, these tasks could take days or even weeks to complete. Since the ERP system stores all the data in a central database and since the database is updated by all the modules on a real-time basis, the information available in the database is up-to-the minute. This integration of the different business functions and the automation of the business processes and the availability of information is what make the ERP systems capable of producing dramatic improvements in productivity and profitability. Fo llowing flowchart explains the order processIn stock?Finished Goods InventoryNoOrderProduction PlanningMaterial ManagementProductionPlant MaintenanceSales DistributionFinanceInvoice/BillYesFigure 11 Order Processing in an ERP SystemFinance and CostingThe financial application components of the ERP solutions work hand-in-hand to improve the bottom line and the financial goals of organizations. Financial functionalities are integrated across all business areas and all geographic areas. This integration includes all other modules, from material management to human resources to logistics. Because the ERP system automatically links related areas, it eliminates the need to repeating procedures. Data is entered only once. Within the ERP system, all areas work in concert, creating a new level of efficiency in handling financial data.The financial modules of most ERP systems provide financial functionalities and analysis support to thousands of business in many countries across the globe. These ERP systems include not only financial application components, but also Human Resources, Logistics, Business Workflow and links to the internet.Financial modules of most ERP systems will have the following subsystemsFinancial Accounting familiar ledger, Accounts Receivable/Payable, Special records, Fixed Asset Accounting, Legal Consolidation.Investment Management Investment Planning/ Budgeting/ Controlling, Depreciation Forecast/ Simulation/ Calculation.Controlling command processing overhead time Cost Controlling, Activity-Based Costing, Product Cost Accounting, Profitability Analysis.Treasury Cash Management, Market Risk Management, Funds Management.Enterprise Controlling Executive Information System, Business Planning and Budgeting, Profit Center Accounting.Purchasing(Quantity, Value)Sales(Order, Bill)seller(Payable)Customer(Receivable)Fixed AssetsEmployees(Salary, Wages)GENERAL LEDGERFigure 12 General Ledger in ERP Financial Module.Material ManagementThe Material Manage ment module of ERP optimizes all purchasing processes with workflow-driven processing functions, enables automated supplier evaluation, lowers procurement and entrepot costs with accurate inventory and warehouse management and integrates accounting verification. The main modules of Material Management module arePre-purchasing Activities This system supports the complete cycle of bid invitation, award of contract and acceptance of services. The pre-purchasing activities include maintaining a service master database, in which the descriptions of all services that are to be procured can be stored.Requirement CalculationRequisition for QuotationsQuotation Evaluation vendor SelectionVendor RatingsContractsFigure 13 The Pre-purchasing activities modulePurchasing Purchasing system performs tasks like procurement of materials and services, determination of possible sources of supply for a requirement identified by materials planning and control system or arising directly within a user dep artment, monitor of deliveries and payments to vendors and so on.Vendor Evaluation Vendor evaluation component has been completely integrated into the Material Management module. Information such as delivery dates, prices and quantities can be taken from purchase orders. Vendor evaluation also uses data from Quality Management, such as the results of incoming inspections or quality audits. It also access basic data in Material Management, such as goods know data from Inventory Management. The Vendor Evaluation system supports the optimization of the procurement processes in the case of both materials and services. It provides accurate information on prices, terms of payment and delivery. By evaluating vendors, company can improve competitiveness.Inventory Management Inventory Management system allows company to manage its stocks on a quantity and value basis, plan enter and check any goods movements and drive out physical stocks reflect all transactions resulting in a change in st ock and thus, in updated inventory levels. The user can easily obtain an overview of the current stocks of any given material. For each material, not only are the stocks in warehouse shown, but also the stocks ordered but not yet delivered, reserved for production or for a customer, and the stocks in quality inspection can be monitored.The stocks are managed not only on a quantity basis but also by value-a prerequisite for cost accounting. With every goods movement, the following values are updatedStock value for inventory managementAccount appellative for cost accountingInvoice Verification and Material Inspection The invoice verification component provides the link between Material Management module and the Financial Accounting, controlling and Asset Accounting components.Invoice verification in Materials Management serves the following purposesIt completes the materials procurement process-which starts with the purchase requisition, continues with the purchasing and goods receip t and ends with the invoice receipt.It allows invoices that do not originate in materials procurement (for example, services, expenses, course costs, etc) to be processed.It allows credit memos to be processed, either as invoice cancellations or discounts.Sales and DistributionA Sales and Distribution module will contain the following subsystemsMaster Data Management Every company will have products, customers, and will require raw materials and will have suppliers. The task of the Master Data management module is to keep information about all these entities, so that these can be made available to the decision-makers and also for the automatic generation of reports, contracts, invoices and so on.Order Management This module includes Sales Order Management and Purchase Order Management and supports the entire sales and purchase processes.Warehouse Management Components of a good Warehouse Management application include followingInventory Planning It comprises all mean inventory move ments, which enable the accurate forecasting of trends and the consequent adjustment of rate points, safety stock, lead-times for orders and service levels. Inventory planning also allows the commitment of inventory to a specific customer order-so that customer receives the right order in the right quantity at the right time.Inventory Handling Allows for monitoring of all warehouse order scenarios such as receipt, issue and transfer of inventory. To ensure fast communication with suppliers and customers, advanced shipping notifications can be received or sent by means of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI),

Short Research Proposal On Fear Of Crime

concise Research Proposal On Fear Of CrimeIn this inadequate inquiry proposal, I exit critic all in ally analyse and justify the reasons wherefore I devote chosen to theatrical role in deepness oppugns comp ard to opposite qualitative method actings in determine to look devotion of discourtesy among younker manpower vul tin canised amid 18-25 in inner London. My primary objective is to find out to what extent do early days men ancient 18-25 living in inner London awe iniquity.Altogether at that place argon three main types of qualitative selective information they atomic number 18 in perspicaciousness interrogates, commission hosts and ethnography (Bryman, 2004). However, forrader I justify the reasons wherefore I have chosen to use in depth interviews comp bed to sharpen classifys and ethnography I forget first give a skeleton definition of fear of crime among juvenility men. In order to run for out a short look proposal, it is important that I have background k instanterledge on my research paper.On the whole, on that point are many different types of interviews however in my research I pull up stakes be conducting in depth interviews with thirty teenagedish males aged among 18-25. I have chosen in depth interviews to conduct my research as this volition provide me with rich data, it testament too modify the participants to pack their touch sensationings and experiences on fear of crime (Bryman, 2004). There are ii different types of in depth interviews they are k presentlyn as semi- structure and formless interviews.In my research, I entrust be carrying out semi-structured interviews whereby I volition have a set of questions to demand the participants. In Semi structured interviews the questions are usually open ended hence this leave alone modify me to gather rich, detailed information nigh the experiences and attitudes towards fear of crime among young men (Miller and Brewer, 2003).On the other hand, although unstructured interviews are a dandy way to build rapport with the respondent there is a polished possibility that the participants whitethorn go off on tangents, and hence this go forth be more duration consuming (Seale, 2004). In comparison to my research report, by carrying out a semi-structured interviews young men pull up stakes feel more comfortable to talk or so their experiences.I willing now discuss and justify the reasons why I have decided to necessitate in depth interviews compared to charge groups and ethnography to carry out my research. correspond to May, in depth interview is a great way to extrapolate the attitudes and feelings of an psyche on a specific topic (May, 2001). In depth interviews will enable me to explore in more detail the fear of crime among young men in inner London (Seale, 2004). Hence, compared to focalize groups and ethnography, in depth interviews will allow me to have a relegate finding of the individuals views, experiences, opinions and feelings towards fear of crime among young men (Seale, 2004). around other gain of in depth interviews is that it allows flexibility interviews can be adjusted to give the needs of different types of people (Sarantakos, 2005). Furthermore, other payoff is that detectives can ask questions on the spot, probe the participants as well as change the order of questions if needed (Miller and Brewer, 2003). A nonher proceeds is that during my study, I will have encompassing control of the environment, under which questions are answered (Sarantakos, 2005). In depth interviews will to a fault enable me to clarify any questions which are non understood by the participants (Sarantakos, 2005).Another advantage of in-depth interviews is that I will gain high resolution rate, with rich, detailed information intimately the fear of crime among young men. Hence, with in depth interviews it is much easier to discuss sensitive give up compared to when interviewin g a group (Miller and Brewer, 2003).Despite these advantages, there are many limitations to in depth interview. With in depth interviews participants may not always be as bonnie about their fear of crime hence this will lack dependableness (Miller and Brewer, 2003). Another limitation of in depth interview is that it is very cartridge holder consuming compared to other data collection methods (Seale, 2004). From gaining assenting to individuals, to conducting the interviews and then analyzing the data will take a huge amount of sentence (Miller and Brewer, 2003). This is iodine of the reasons why I will be conducting my research on sole(prenominal) thirty individuals.Furthermore, according to May, the researchers physical characteristics such as age, class, race, gender and ethnicity may have an effect on the interviewees responses (May, 2001). This is another limitation as interviews may be affected due to the physical characteristics of the researcher (Sarantakos, 2005). F or example, if a feminine researcher was conducting the study on fear of crime among young men many participants may not be as honest about their attitudes and experiences of fear of crime due to the researcher being a female. Another issue of in depth interview is that people tend to prefer to write about sensitive topics, such as fear of crime rather than discussing the issue in an interview (Sarantakos, 2005).As the study will only be conducted on thirty individuals, another c one timern is that once the information is gained and analysed, it will be difficult to generalize fear of crime among young men who live in inner London (Sarantakos, 2005).I will now define, discuss and analyse the advantages and limitations of ethnography and why I decided not to use ethnography for my research topic. Ethnography allows researchers to understand the social meanings and activities of people they are conducting research on (Miller and Brewer, 2003). Furthermore, ethnography studies will a llow the researcher to observe the participants for a longer period of time (Bryman, 2004).By spending time with the participants, listening and engaging in conversations and get to know them individually on a daily basis it will help and allow the researcher to have a better soul of the participants he or she is studying (Bryman, 2004).However, in affinity to my research topic my aim objective is to find out the feelings and emotions of fear of crime among young men. With participant observation it will be difficult for me to understand the experiences of fear of crime among young men as the participants may not be able to express their experiences when conducting a participant observation study. Furthermore, when an individual is informed that they are being observed they may behave differently, hence this will lack validity (Bryman, 2004).There are two types of ethnography use of goods and servicess when gaining access to participants, they are known as overt and covert role s. Covert role is whereby an individual discloses the fact that they are a researcher observing the participants for a particular reason. On the other hand, the ethnographer who takes the overt role informs the participants that they are researches (Bryman, 2004). On the whole, covert roles may provide the researcher with more information which is extremely valid due to the fact that the participants are not aware that they are being observed. However, by carrying out covert roles you will be geological fault the respectable guidelines such as informed consent and deception (Bryman, 2004).I will now define, discuss and analyse the advantages and limitations of using a focus group. guidance groups are when a small group of people are brought together for an interview that role exchangeable experiences and have particular interest. way groups have become a very popular method employ by many researchers since the 1980s. Focus groups allow participants to ask questions, have di scussions and arguments (Bryman, 2004). It besides allows participants to justify and articulate their ideas with one another in a group context (Seale, 2004).There are many advantages to having focus groups, by conducting a focus group it will allow individuals to probe one another and challenge each other for holding certain views (Bryman, 2004). Another advantage of using a focus group is that large amount of conflict can be produced in a short amount of time, however a limitation to this is that it will be difficult for the researcher to disk and analyse data from the focus group (Bryman, 2004).Focus groups allow participants to share stories, experiences and thoughts together hence this provides rich, quality data for the researcher to analyses (Bryman, 2004). Another advantage of a focus group is that it is less time consuming compared to in depth interviews, you can soft get six to ten peoples views and opinions all at the same time rather than interviewing all ten of them (Seale, 2004).Focus groups also allow the participants to listen to other peoples views who have a similar position to them in the community (Sarantakos, 2005). According to Bryman, focus groups are regarded as more naturalistic compared to interviews in the sense that focus groups reflect the processes by dint of which meaning is constructed in everyday life (Bryman, 2004, 348).During the focus group the researcher acts as a facilitator observing the discussion and encouraging participants to contribute (Sarantakos, 2005). Depending on the topic being discussed, focus groups can sometimes encourage the individual to open up and hence take part in the discussion. However, in other situations in-depth interviews are preferred it all depends on the research topic (Seale, 2004).According to Wilkinson who reviewed more than 200 studies based on focus groups, she institute that many researchers fail to analyse and take into account the interaction between the group members (Bryman, 200 4). Another critic of a focus group is that some individuals may not express their fear of crime among other young men. By being in a group individuals may not express their true opinions (Sarantakos, 2005). Individuals may feel more comfortable to express their concerns of fear of crime in a one to one interview (Bryman, 2004).In focus groups, individuals may be influenced to follow the group norm and may not open as much compared to in depth interviews (Bryman, 2004). According to Barbour and Kitzinger, focus groups will enable researchers to examine peoples different positioning as they operate within a social network, (Barbour and Kitzinger in Seale, 2004, 181).Furthermore, focus groups may allow the researcher to explore issues which are not easily seen during participant observation (Seale, 2004). However, another concern of using a focus group is that some individuals may dominate the discussion and hence others may not be given the chance to explore their attitudes and fee lings towards fear of crime, (Sarantakos, 2005).I will now discuss what sample method I will use in order to carry out my research. In relation to my research topic and design I will use the purposive sampling method in order to carry out my study. goal-directed sampling is when participants are selected due to them having a relation to the subject topic. purposive sampling is whereby researchers use their expect judgment to find participants who are germane(predicate) to their study (Singleton and Straits, 1999).Purposive sampling is a very popular sampling method used by many researchers when conducting qualitative research (Seale, 2004). In relation to my research topic, purposive sampling is the best sampling method to use it fits in very well with the aims of my research. However, according to Singleton and Straits, a limitation to purposive sampling is that making an informed selection of cases requires considerable cognition of the population before the sample is drawn (S ingleton and Straits, 1999, 159).I will now discuss how I will gain access to my participants. I will gain access to my participants through contacting local organizations who work with youths. I will also gain access by visiting two universities in inner London I will visit the student centre and ask for potential students who are willing to take part in my study. out front the interviews are carried out, I will get word that I am fully prepared and organised, in order for me to do this I will make a check list of all the things I need to do before the interview and also after the interview.In my research, I will also auditory sensation record all the interviews this will enable me to have a better one to one conversation with my respondents. However, an issue may be that that some respondents may refuse for their voice to be recorded. If this occurs, I will explain to the participants that the interview is only being audio recorded for my use only and that the recording will no t be shared with any third party (Bryman, 2004).For the interview to be boffo it is vital that the interviewee has an understanding of the subject topic (May, 2001). Before I leap out my interview, I will define the term fear of crime to my participants in order for them to have a better understanding of the subject topic. Before the interview process, I will make it clear to my participants what is expected of them, by doing this my participants will feel more comfortable and hence more relaxed for the interview to begin (May, 2001).It is important for all researchers to take into consideration ethical issues before conducting any research. The British Sociological Association has set out ethical guidelines for researchers to follow breaking the guidelines may result in penalties. There are many ethical issues which need to be considered before carrying out a study however the three main ethical issues are whether there is harm to participants, lack of informed consent, and wheth er deception is involved (Bryman, 2004).In relation to my study on fear of crime among young men I will ensure that all my participants are fully informed about the study. Before I conduct my research all participants involved will be asked to read and sign the consent forms, all participants will also have the right to withdrew from the study at any given time (Bryman, 2004). Furthermore, in regards to participant harm according to Diener and Crandall, participant harm can be physical harm or personal harm (Diener and Crandall, in Bryman, 2004). I will ensure that in my study none of my participants are physically or emotional harmed.Finally, in regards to deception, I will ensure that all my participants are fully aware of the study and that the results of the interviews will not be shared with anyone else without their consent. Deception usually occurs when the researcher provides false statements to their participants about the study (Bryman, 2004).In conclusion, in depth interv iew is the best data collection method for me to research the fear of crime among men aged 18-25 living in inner London. Despite its limitations, in relation to my research topic, in depth interview would be the best method to use as it will enable me to understand the attitudes and experiences of fear of crime among young men compared to focus groups and ethnography.