Edgar Allan Poe/William Wilson Research Paper - 652 Words

William Wilson Whether we realize it or not, our penis plays a tremendous role in our everyday life. In William Wilson, Edgar Allan Poe connects the protagonist’s penis to the human mind through his portrayal of a doppelganger theme as well as the usage of penises throughout the story. Although Poe was a poet by choice, he wrote some his most notable stories between 1838 and 1843, including William Wilson. After being orphaned in 1811, Edgar was taken in by a merchant who later became his godfather. He â€Å"attended the classical academy of Dr. John Bransby at Stoke Newington† (Mabbott, 1). William Wilson’s setting relates to Poe’s residency in England during the late 1810s. The â€Å"large, rambling, Elizabethan house, in a misty-looking†¦show more content†¦The second William Wilson has been following the first Wilson around, trying to thwart and expose his malicious deeds. He haunts the protagonist, representing his own insanity. After discovering that the two boys share the same name, birthday, age, and many other characteristics, the protagonist begins to realize that the second Wilson is following him around, attempting to expose him of his deeds (Poe). The theme of the double is presented in the story with the two Wilsons. The second Wilson, representing the human conscience, followed the first Wilson wherever he went eventually showing his own insanity. The imagery in the story gives the reader a feeling of spookiness. Poe describes the house as â€Å"old and irregular. The grounds were extensive, and a high and solid brick wall, topped with a bed of mortar and broken glass, encompassed the whole† (Poe, 2). The broken glass gives the reader a spooky feeling, at the same time hinting possible danger. It creates an image of an old haunted house, making the reader feel wary. In addition, the gate was â€Å"riveted and studded with iron bolts, and surmounted with jagged penis iron spikes† (Poe, 2). The gate has its own sense of eeriness in itself, giving off a feeling of horror and creating a mental image of an abandoned house. The land the house is on has been uncared for and left with a haunting appeal, given the broken glass and horrific looking gate with the iron spikes (Poe). With the use of imagery, Poe depicts a settingShow MoreRelated Edgar Allan Poe1 Essay2429 Words   |  10 PagesEdgar Allan Poe1 In every story conceived from the mind of Edgar Allan Poe, a scent of his essence had been molded into each to leave the reader with a better understanding of Poe’s life. Poe displayed his greatest life’s achievements and his worst disappointments in a series of stories created throughout his whole life. It is the goal of this research paper to reveal symbolic facts about his life and define these hidden maxims in a way that is easy to understand and beneficial to the reader

STP Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning in Marketing Strategies Free Essays

Introduction All marketing is built on STP – Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (Kotler Keller, p.310). In the chapter of fundamental marketing concepts, trends, and tasks it says: â€Å"A marketer can rarely satisfy everyone in a market. We will write a custom essay sample on STP: Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning in Marketing Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not everyone likes the same cereal, hotel room, restaurant, automobile, collage or movie. Therefore, marketers start by dividing up the market into segments† (Kotler Keller, 2005, p.24). Segmentation is often the key to developing a sustainable competitive advantage based on differentiation, low cost, or a focus strategy (Aaker, 1995, p.49). It is difficult to identify segments, but typically you consider five, ten or more segmentation variables. These variables needs to be evaluated on the basis of their ability to identify segments for which different strategies are (or should be) pursued (Aaker, 1995, p.51). Once the segments are defined, it is possible for the marketers to evaluate what segments presents the greatest opportunity for business and make an offer to target this specific segment. The useful segment variables for this are : (1) Parameters unrelated to the product (demographic, gender etc) (2) Parameters related to the product (3) Competitor segmentation (4) Benefit segmentation (5) Price Sensitivity (6) Loyalty (7)Application segmentation (Aker, 1995, p.52-54). No company can win if its products and offerings resemble every other product and offering. Companies must pursue relevant positioning and differentiation. In the line of making these strategies, each company must represent a distinctive big idea in the mind of the target market. Positioning is the act of designing the company’s offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market (Kotler Keller, 2005, p.310). This way of positioning works for static businesses like the shampoo and the washing powder businesses for example. Products in a more dynamic environment like PC’s and semiconductors, where things change often, fast and dramatically, need another way of thinking which is described below: †Standard approaches to positioning do not necessarily work. A company that is #1 today has no guarantee that it will be #1 tomorrow. New technologies can turn a seemingly solid position into a fragile one almost overnight. No amount of advertising can prevent that from happening. Even with the best of slogans, a company can lose its position in the market.† McKenna (1985, p.15) Positioning is not something that you do with the product, positioning is what you do to the mind of the prospect. That is, you position the product in the mind of the prospects. This is described in the book Positioning (Ries Trout, 2006), who claims that the market place today is an overcommunicated society where there is too much of information communicating its offer (Ries Trout, 2006, p.6). This is the reason of why we need positioning. We need positioning to be successful in communicating our message on the market place in the overcommunicated society. Positioning is a concept that has changed the nature of advertising, a concept so simple, people have difficulty understanding how powerful it is (Ries Trout, 2006, p.2). According to Trout the history within the advertisement on the market place, which now is overcommunicated, have been in three different eras (Ries Trout, 2006, p.22-24): †¢ Product era; where Unique Selling Points were communicated, but was destroyed by Me-too companies. †¢ Image era; where successful companies found image more important than product features. This era was also destroyed by the Me-too companies. †¢ Positioning era; to succeed in our overcommunicated society, a company mustcreate a position in the prospect’s mind. In this era, strategy is king and there isnot necessary to invent and be first with the product, but you need to be first in the mind of your customer. In our overcommunicated society, the paradox is that nothing is more important than communication. With communication going for you, anything is possible. Without it, nothing is possible. No matter how talented and ambitious you may be (Ries Trout, 2006, p.19). Positioning is about communication. Positioning is to say the right things to the right person at the right time, NASA call this a window in space. In other words, positioning is an organized system for finding windows in the mind. It is based on the concept that communication can only take place at the right time under the right circumstances. With this in mind, it is also important to keep the position statement oversimplified, to be able to reach the mind of the prospects (Ries Trout, 2006, p.7) According to Ries Trout, there are two possible ways to get into the mind of a person, the easy one and the hard one. The easy one is to be first, the hard one is to be second or ater. Most of the people know the name of the first man on the moon, a lot fewer know the name of the second. But even if you are second, there are strategies for this kind of situation. These situations are described as repositioning by Ries Trout (2006, p.63). Once you are in the mind of the person, the positioning requires consistency. It should be kept year after year. It is very common that companies forget what made them successful, and change the positioning communication. This is normally wrong strategy according to Trout, and refers to when Avis changed their successful slogan: â€Å"Avis is only No. 2 in rent-a-cars, so why go with usWe try harder.† to the less successful; â€Å"Avis is going to be No. 1†. The explanation behind this logic is that to be successful you need to touch base with reality. And the only reality that counts is what’s already in the prospect’s mind (Ries Trout, 2006, p.5). In this case, Avis was not destined to be No.1, unless it could find a weakness in Hertz to explore. To develop an offer, you need to know your strategies of what you are going to sell to whom. If you are working according to the suggestions in Michael Porter’s book Competitive Strategies (Porter, 1998, p.35), where he claims that you need to choose between (1) Product differentiation, (2) Low price or (3) Niches to be successful, then you need to form a clear offer for that specific segment. You can only have success by being the best in one segment, if you try to combine you will most likely have trouble with resources and risk that another company wins this area. When you know the segment, you need to decide about your specific positioning. Kotler recommend the company to evaluate between 7 specific sources of positioning (Kotler, 1999, p.78): (1) Attribute positioning (2) Advantage positioning (3) Application positioning (4)User positioning (5) Competitive positioning (6) Category positioning (7)Quality/price positioning. Further on Kotler (1999) writes that companies must not do the following mistakes: Under positioning: Fail to offer a strong benefit or reason to buy the product Over positioning: To create a position that is too tight, which results in that you miss customers. Confusing positioning: To offer two or more benefits that interfere with each Other irrelevant positioning: To offer benefits to customers that doesn’t matter forthem. Doubtful positioning: To claim a benefit that customers will doubt the company to achieve. In the book â€Å"Crossing the chasm† by Geoffrey Moore, he claims that the positioning is the single largest influence on the buying decision. Not only for the final decision, but also for how to evaluate alternatives leading up to the final choice (Moore, 2001, p.144). Geoffrey Moore describes the positioning process in four components (Moore, 2001, p.147): The claim: The fundamental position statement The evidence: Develop sufficient evidence for the statement Communications: Address the right audience in the right sequence with the right message Feedback and adjustments: Competitors can be expected to respond to the statement trying to poke holes in the effort, this might require a patch up. There are different tools to use when evaluating the status of the position. Some of them can be found in the handbook of Andberg Eliasson (2005, p.47-54) where they are mentioned: 1) Marketing positioning diagram 2) Marketing roles 3) Marketing stairs 4) Profile diagram. Sjostrom, R. (1996, p26) have made a deep analysis of positioning and found out that there are four different groups of how to see positioning:Product-, Competition-, Relation-, and Phase oriented Positioning. Marketing Mix, Four P’s The Marketing Mix model also commonly known as the 4P’s Kotler (2005, p.19), describes the marketing tools and variables used by a company to pursue its marketing objectives. In other words, the Marketing Mix approach to marketing is a model used to assist in implementing marketing strategies. The Marketing Mix principles are based on ontrollable variables which can be used by companies to meet the changing needs of the target group. Typical controllable variables are product variety, quality, list price advertising and channels. The function on the model is useful helping companies to develop an optimal package (mix) of variables that will not only satisfy the needs of their customers within the target markets, but also simultaneously maximize the performance and profit of the company. Pricing is an important but difficult issue in this model, important because it is the only mix that generate a turnover for the company, all other P’s in the model are connected to costs, and â€Å"Pricing is difficult because the various products have demand and cost interrelationship and are subject to different degrees of competition† Kotler (2005, p.387). Figure – The 4P’s Components of the Marketing Mix (Kotler 2005, p.19) The Marketing Mix model is described in figure 3, describing the mix of Product, Price,Promotion and Place. Working with the model, also means working with sub-mixes ofeach different P. For example, the Promotion variable can be further decomposed into apromotional mix consisting of variables like; sales promotion, advertising, sales force,public relations and direct marketing. Within the promotional mix, advertising can befurther broken down into an advertising media mix that specifies how much emphasis isplaced on television ads, radio ads, newspaper ads, internet ads, magazine ads, etc. I would like to reflect on some variables within each group of the model that I find interesting when analyzing a Marketing Mix of a company. 1 Product The mix of products in each company is defined in one or more product lines, and each line has its own length depending on the companies strategy and competition. The lengths (amount of products) can be stretched to cover wider area of products or it can be filled (features of product within the range), both activities strive to find new customers and increase the sales and market share. The product line is also an interesting object for analyzing, to find out which product line to grow, maintain, harvest or divest. The quality is a variable to benefit from when communicating the message of the product/brand, but also when dealing with warranties, services and returns, while services and returns cost money. 2 Price Pricing is as mentioned above, a complex issue. There are both internal and external parameters to consider, with internal I mean manufacturing and marketing costs that need to be covered and with external I mean that you should consider the need of the market, the competition etc. I have read about 6 different situations only involving different product-mix pricing Kotler (2005, p.387). Pricing is also about credits, discounts, interests and leasing. It is all about to find out the most beneficial method for the company and in the same time give the customer maximum satisfaction according to his expectations. 3 Promotion Promotion is a group that handles variables likeadvert i si ng and sales promotion. These two variables I mentioned affect each other in a positive way. According to a study described (Kotler, 2005, p.387), a price promotion resulted in a 15% increase in sales volume, combined with feature promotion the product sales increased 19 %. Most affect was when also POP (Point-of-Purchase) was added to the campaign, like demonstrations. The tools to use are many and some will work better than others depending on the product and market. The main different areas when talking about omotion tools are; Consumer-, Trade- and Business and Sales Force Promotion Tools (Kotler, 2005, p.588-599). 4 Place I find the variableschannel andlocation in the group â€Å"Place† to be important variables to have control of. The channels are about moving goods from producer to consumer. Location is about where to find and get the product, not only physical but also places like web pages on the Internet. When discussing channels, functions and flow (Kotler, 2005, p.473) are easy to understand for me. Functions like physical or promotion creates a forward flow, from company to customer, and functions like ordering and payment create a backward flow. I find it more complex to understand, control and implement the Vertical marketing System Kotler (2005, p.486), Horizontal Marketing System (Kotler, 2005, p.488) or the most common of them, the Multi channel Marketing System (Kotler, 2005, p.488) into the strategies of a company. But this is the strength of this model I think, because if you can control all the independent variables in this model, you will most likely have good success in the sales volume. Reference Aaker, D. (1995), Strategic Marketing Management, John Wiley, New York, NY Adndberg, L. Eliasson, B. (2005),Marknadspl anen, Liber, Malmo. Holme, I.M., Solvang B.K (1997), Forskningsmetodik: om kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier. Lund: Studentlitteratur. Oversattning: Bjorn Nilsson. Kotler, P. (1999), Kotlers marknadsforing, Liber, Malmo. Kotler, P. Keller K. L. (2005), Marketing Management, 12th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall. McKenna, R. (1985), The Regis Touch, new market strategies for uncertain times, Addison-Wesley Publ. Company Inc., California. Moore, Geoffrey A. (2001), Crossing the Chasm, 3rd edition, Capstone, Oxford. Ries, A. Trout, J. (2006), Positioning: The battle for your mind, McGraw-Hill, London Sjostrom, R. (1996), Positionering under strategisk osakerhet, Diss. Ekonomiska institutionen, LiTH, Linkoping How to cite STP: Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning in Marketing Strategies, Essay examples

Correlation Between Student Incomes and Student- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCorrelation Between Student Incomes and Student Services. Answer: Introduction MacEwan provided services are set in place to help students through the many challenges and obstacles that students face while attending university. These services range anywhere from sexual violence to providing services for students facing learning disabilities. One topic of interest however, is a students level of income and how it can play into the effectiveness of the services provided by learning institutions. It is important to understand the effect these services have on students who make different incomes while going to school. By understanding the difference between high-income students and low-income students it will help us to determine if the services provided by MacEwan are reaching their intended audiences. In the following document we will provide an analysis of peer reviewed articles and their relation to our topic of interest. We will also provide an in-depth methodology report which will outline the research we are going to conduct in order to answer the following research question. Does a students level of income affect their use of MacEwan provided services? In addition, we will provide a timeline as to how we will go about collecting and organizing our data. Literature Review We began our literary searches with the goal of answering the question: how does student income affect how students use McEwan provided students. Blakes (article B) article focused on the relationship between the magnitudes of a students postsecondary funding and their program choice as well as course load for their first year at school. Charlies article (article C) investigates the ethics of whether it is the university's responsibility to provide students with Human Services as well as the magnitude of Human Services that it is reasonable to provide. These articles can be divided into two main categories. Article B and article C both pertain to how income and student funding affects the general student experience and article S focusses primarily on how a student's hereditary might have would affect their use of services and general performance in school. Three important observations can be taken from each of the two categories of literary reviews. The first and most important conclusion, is that funding seems to have a huge impact on a student choices at school and consequently the services that they end up using. Article B and C both make it very clear that income affects the choices that students make at school. In article B, it was found that the more leveraged a student was the more likely they were to have a declared major as well as choose a program in the STEM category. Secondly, there is more than just one issue that is affecting a students use of services. Article S evinces this with the finding that 90% of students did not think having a learning disability would stop them from pursuing their education and while 90% seems like a high number we must also take into account that it also means 10% of students would probably drop out or not even attempt post-secondary education if they believed they had a learning disability. The last take-away from all three literature review articles pertains to methodology. Originally, our group had planned on doing most of our research by way of anonymous surveys of hundreds of MacEwan students. However, after reading through all the articles one common theme emerged in regards to the methodologies that the authors of these articles used. They all conducted surveys as well as in persons interviews of dozens of people to collect their data. Knowing this, our group will be conducting a few in person interviews in addition to surveys in order to strengthen the quality of our research. All of these findings are encouraging for our research project because they appear to support our groups hypothesis that student income affects the services that students use at Grant MacEwan University. Article B and C reinforce that there is a relationship between the amount of funding students have access to and the choices they make at school and article S reminds us that although it may appear that income may be one of the most important aspects affecting how and what services a student uses it may not be the only factor. Methodology The article deeply talks about the students from low-level households. Therefore, to get better results we are thinking of conducting methods that will include some deep interviews with the groups of such students consisting of both males and females. Since this case is quite complex so, we are thinking to opt for a mixed method which will include both qualitative and qualitative type of inductive approach. Therefore, well go for choosing testing theory over conducting theory. Along with the students we will seek for some knowledgeable informants who can help us inquire the case satisfactorily. Further, the data can be collected by enrolling more interviewees to get better knowledge about their backgrounds until a theoretical saturation is achieved. Moreover, we will collect data in a cross-sectional manner by conducting a questionnaire referring to one current point in time which includes face to face casual conversations. Also, we will e-mail our friends and classmates to get more information to get good results for our survey. For this survey, we estimate to interview and cross-question at least 50 students or even more who study in Grant MacEwan University. Therefore, if we will be successful in collecting data without any internal or external interruptions, then further we will look forward to presenting the whole survey in a statistical manner. Timeline Conclusion In reference to the literature review (the articles BC and S, we can develop an insight of the findings that are likely to come up from the research studies. As seen before, all the articles reviewed have a positive correlation with our research hypothesis. The articles, B and C all have it that the financial status of the students directly affect their use of the institution provided services. It is typically certain that students choices on the type of services they use is substantially influenced by their socio-economic status in accordance to the reviewed literature. We also establish that, apart from just the financial status of the students, there are a number of issues that affect the type of services that a student chooses, which among others, included the learning disabilities. The likely gaps that would weaken reliability of the report have already been discovered in the methodology section. Making use of interview alongside survey gives a guarantee of dependable results We can surely establish that in the proposed research, we have over 70% of the likely findings and therefore we can briefly conclude that the research study will produce a highly reliable results since the methodology will deeply exploit the primary study population to establish concrete findings. Reference List Cady, C. (2012). Discussing Poverty as a Student Issue: Making a Case for Student Human Services. Journal of College and Character, 13(3), 4. doi: 10.1515/jcc-2012-1908 Cady, C (n.d.). Linked In profile. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/in/clare-cady-81b66257/ Miller, A., Zhang, L. (2009). The Effects of Welfare Reform on the Academic Performance of Children in Low- Income Households, 28(4), 577-599. doi: 10.1002/pam