Intergumentary System

Integumentary System Laszlo Vass, Ed. D. Version 42-0280-00-01 testing ground Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a fill-in for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is unaccompanied if a summary of the experiments questions, diagrams if needed, and data dining t competents that should be turn to in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students paper of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Purpose What is the purpose of this exercise? The purpose of this exercise in to learn about structures and functions of the sputter.Is there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, incline what they argon and what precautions should be taken. As unceasingly take precautions when handling the microscope and slides and always have a clean safe work area. Exercise 1 Structures of the strip down Observations Before beginning, set up a data table similar to this Data Table 1. Fill in the names of the numbered structures. Skin Diagram (National Library of Medicine at http//nih. nlm. gov) Data Table 1 Structures of Skin Item Name 1. Hair shaft 2. Arrector pili muscle 3. oily gland 4. Hair follicle 5. confinement gland 6. Pacinian corpuscle 7. Subcutis (hypodermis) 8. Dermis 9. epidermis 10. Sensory nerve ending 11. Dermal papilla 12. Sweat pore Questions A. How does the fur tan when exposed to ultraviolet light? When ultraviolet light penetrates genuflect it begins to break down DNA causing the eubstance to aim melanin. The melanin makes the physical structure become darker or tanner and when the body is darker the more protected it is from the sunshine and sunburn. B. Describe the functions of the epidermis.The epidermis is the outermost storey that has keratinized squamous epithelium and the dermis. The epidermis has a bunch of different carrelular phones which allow it to perform many different functions. The kerati nocytes pull in keratin that produce fibrous protein that gives spit out protective properties while the melanocytes produce melanin to protect deeper cells from ultraviolet radiation and allows the skin to tan. Merkel cells from sensitive touch receptors on nerve endings and langerhans cells are involved in the immune response of the skin. bed basale constantly go through cell division to produce cardinal of new skin daily. Stratum spinosum has think bundles of protein and stratum granulosum contain lipids that fork up waterproofing for the skin. The stratum lucidum is a layer of flattened keratinocytes are only found in thick skin. Stratum corneum is the outer layer of the epidermis made of squished and flattened layers of dead keratinocytes. C. Describe the functions of the sweat glands. Sweat glands are controlled by sympathetic nervous system and regulate body temperature.When the body becomes to hot they secrete water to the skin surface and the light up is removed by ev aporation. D. Compare the structure of the epidermis to that of the dermis. The epidermis consists of some(prenominal) different types of cells while the dermis canonists of dense, irregular connective tissue. E. Fill in the following table by either inserting the name of the structure/cell or by giving its function(s) Structure/Cell Function(s) melanocytes Makes a pigment for tanning Langerhans cells Small and involved in the immune response Merkel cells prime on nerve endingsStratum lucidum Provides protection, thick found of palms a soles makes skin waterproof Reticular layer The blood supply here provides radiational chilling for the body Exercise 2 Microscopic Structure of the Skin Observations survey and label your keratinized stratified squamous epithelium slide in the space below. Be sure to label all of the structures in the epidermis and dermis you were able to find Questions A. Compare your slide to the photomicrograph example in the lab Procedure. How are they th e same and how are they different?Propose a reason why you would see several differences between different slides of skin. B. What is keratin? Is fibrous protein that gives the skin its protective properties? C. Why is skin keratinized? Keratinized cells give skin a toughie protective barrier. After a cell is born it begins to make protein called keratin that they store inside them. As the cells grow they build up with this protein until their so full they die forming a tough layer of packets of keratin. Exercise 3 Clinical Conditions of the Skin Questions A. What are the three types of skin cancer?Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma B. Which type of skin cancer is advantageously treatable? Basal cell carcinoma C. Explain why melanoma is so dangerous. malignant melanoma can spread to other areas of the body. D. What factors can ca exercise acne? Acne is caused when sebum isnt able to pass through the hair follicle. This causes cells from the lining of the follicle to shed to fast and clump to adhereher clogging up the follicles opening so sebum cannot get through. E. What is a common myth about the cause of acne?Eating chocolate, smarmy food or dirty skin F. What are some treatments for acne? Dermatologists use a medication that reduces clumps of cells in the follicles, oil production, bacteria, and inflammation. Depending on the case of the acne the twist around may prescribe a topical medication or an unwritten medication. G. Describe the signs of first, second and third degree burns. First- affects only the outer layer, epidermis. Second- molest the epidermis and the dermis Third- involve damage or complete oddment to the fullest depth of the skin and underlying tissue. H. What are the principle effects of senescence on the skin?