Flouridation :: essays research papers fc

FlouridationIn 1931 at the University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station M. C.Smith, E. M. Lantz, and H. V. Smith discovered that when apt(p) drinking watersupplied with degree Fahrenheit, rats would develop tooth defects. progress testing by H.T. doyen and E. Elove of the United States Public Health Service confirmed thisreport, and stated that what is hit the hay as mottled tooth. Mottled tooth is acondition in which face cloth descry develop on the back teeth. Gradually the whitespots get darker and darker until the tooth is eroded completely. This wasbelieved to be caused by fluorine in drinking water (Behrman pg. 181).A strong uproar was heard when this was released and people cute allfluorine out of their water. But later tests concluded that communities with towering levels of fluorine in their drinking water suffered less dental cavities.Further testing concluded that at least 1.0 separate per million of fluorine couldhelp to pr change surfacet cavities, fu rther more than 1.5 PPM would cause mottled tooth, sobasically a little fluorine would be okay but a lot of fluorine would be bad(Behrman 182). In 1938, with this information, Dr. Gerald follow of the Mellon Institutebegan to promote the addition of fluoride to public water systems, claiming thatit would reduce tooth decay, until now there were two major obstacles in his path,The American Medical Association, and The American Dental Association. Bothassociations wrote articles in their journals about the dangers of fluoridationof water supplies. The American Dental Association wrote the following in theOctober 1, 1944 issue We do know the use of drinking water containing aslittle as 1.2 to 3.0 parts per million of fluorine will cause such developmentaldisturbances in bones as osteoslcerosis, spondylosis and osteoperosis, as wellas goiter, and we cannot afford to authorise the risk of producing such serioussystemic disturbances in applying what is at exemplify a doubtful procedur eintended to prevent development of dental disfigurements among children.(Yiamouyiannis pg. 138)Despite these warnings Dr. Cox continued to promote fluoridation ofwater supplies and even convinced a Wisconsin dentist, J. J. Frisch to promotethe addition of fluoride to water supplies in his book, The promote ForFluoridation. Frisch soon garnered the support of Frank Bull. Frank Bullorganized governmental campaigns in order to persuade local officials to endorsefluoridation. This began to apply grave pressure on the United States PublicHealth Service and the American Dental Association. (Yiamouyiannis pg. 139)In 1945 before any tests had been proven to show that fluoride bring downcavities, it was added to the drinking water supply of Grand Rapids, Michigan.