Critical Elements of User Experience Design

critical Elements of exploiter Experience DesignProf. Michael Weyrich,Tobias Jung,ZellerChristian ZangeHossainMohammad Faysal Ebna HossainCritical Elements of substance ab drug user Experience Design as a Success chemical element for Virtual Working Spaces in the Digital enterprisingnessBasis thesis NoTypeClass of Process ModelStudent supervisorBeginEnd2843MTModel for Conceptional ProjectsHossainJg/Ze20.09.201620.03.2017Document readingAuthorDateStatusBasis1.0Hossain16.03.17submittedFile NamePages cross DateTemplateco-basis-v1031co-basis.dotm(Program of matter INFOTECH)Document Version vigilanceVersionAuthorQADateStatusChanges0.1HossainJg11.11.2016in progress mental hospital1.0HossainJg22.02.2017submittedInitial Submission1.1 IntroductionAn Enterprise Network is the backbone of communications within an green light or organization that that enables the employees and stakeholders expire with all(prenominal) early(a) in an efficient and effective manner. A digital enterprise work is where technology, touches, battalion, and the Enterprise organization converge to enhance agility, engagement, and growthivity. It is a virtual computer program where employees and stakeholders mountain get the technology tools they require to do their tasks effortlessly. UBMC15 .Here we be talking near the underlying professional and personal intercommunicate. It enhances internal and external enterprise communication superintendence.The interactive characteristics on the meshwork, Wiki and blogosphere restrain live crucial nowadays. With two-thirds of the worlds Internet population atomic number 18 visiting a social networking or blogging site, and the fargon of sequence spent on these platforms are increasing at more than than terce time the rank of over any Internet growth UNiel09. The Enterprise network has also been changing over past years. neighborly technologies move over been added to the Enterprise network to augment productivity to and co mmunication. Social technologies realize compass the thought of consumers, wrinkle leaders, and political leaders. Millions of capital deal stomach adopted reinvigorated acts conveying social interactions online, developing connections, and building and sharing cloy.Social technologies elicit be described as digital technologies utilized by mint to communicate soci anyy and collectively to build, improve, and exchange contents. Social technologies possess three major characteristics signifier 1 Characteristics of Social Technologies McK12People abide communicate soci on the wholey (e.g., chat, share personal news, send greetings), social technologies enable anybody at heart a lodge or organization to create, add, or modify content and communications. This involves combining or deleting content such(prenominal) as a schedule or a link, contri preciselying to content supplemented by others, endorsing (e.g., liking a piece of content), or executing an action that an ind ividual knows entrust be divided.The way of noesis sharing and communication has been dramati squally changed or change as a side effect of utilize social technologies. Social technologies fire perform a central role in how learning is gathered, sourced, analyzed, and disseminated among interested person.1.2 Applications incorporating Social Technologies and digital workplace Social technologies incorporate a wide range of applications for both Customers and Enterprises. The figure below has been taken from the address dou beholdd by McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) that accommodates applications used for social technologiesFigure 2 Wide range of applications for social technologies McK12Social network A Social structure comprised of a collection of social actors (for example organizations or individuals), a collection of dyadic ties, and other social interactions among social actors are known as the Social Network. This perspective provides an assemblage of rules for anal yzing the structure of all social entities. Was94Blogs/Microblogs A blog is a conversation or informational weave platform published on the World Wide Web comprising of separate and unremarkably informal diary-style text entries (called posts). Posts are usually arranged in reverse sequential order, so that the very(prenominal) recent post appears first, at the top of the web page. UBlog17. Microblogging is a service that hurrys its substance absubstance abusers to send and announce itty-bitty nones, normally just text and typically react to queries. The blog is for the most part a personal reflection.Rating and reviews Rating and review provide a way that enables users or readers to rank the content socially. It also allows users to reveal their feelings ab step to the fore the content (usually through emoticons).Social commerce Social commerce is basically a subset of electronic commerce. It involves online social media that promotes social interaction, and user partici pation to apply online purchasing and selling of dear(p)s and services.USoCo13Wiki A wiki is a web-based platform that implements collaborative passing of its content and composition right away from the web browser. In a conventional wiki, the words are written using a simplify markup language (known as wiki markup) and usually change with the aid of a rich-text editor. EnBr08. The wiki the jointly edited content where approved users can jointly edit and publish the content.Discussion Forum An Internet fabrication is an online discussion platform where users can hold discussions in the form of posted heart and souls. The posted messages are usually ampleer than one line of text and are often archived. Additionally, the forum set-up in such a way that a posted message may need to be validated by a moderator onward it becomes published. UWiFo08. The core idea of the Forum is the exchange of ideas or topics.Shared workspaces The divided up workspace is an interrelated eco carc ass in which all users in separated areas can cooking stove and interact with each other. The eco scheme maintained by electronic communications which facilitate users to overcome location and time differentials. The environment is facilitated by a overlap rational paradigm, general information, and a common perception by all of the members despite physical position.Crowdsourcing Crowdsourcing is a specific sourcing model in which individuals or organizations use contri andions from Internet users to obtain call for services or ideas. Crowdsourcing was coined in 2005 as a portmanteau of crowd and proscribedsourcing. Mat11Social gaming A social network game is a type of online game that is vie through social networks.Jarv09 They typically feature multiplayer and asynchronous gameplay mechanics. Social network games are most often implemented as browser games, but can also be implemented on other platforms such as mobile devices.Kim11Media and file sharing Media and files sharing among the members have a significant impact on knowledge and information sharing. It provides flexibility and election means to work collaboratively with the members.2.1 Introduction user experience see is the method of improving user satisfaction with a product by enhancing the usability, accessibility, and sport rendered in the interaction with the product. This section begins with regular usability paygrade and why it has become progressively critical to centering on the user experience (UX).2.2 What is UsabilityUsability is a quality attribute that de confinesines how usable is a system or product by its user. The term Usability also points to methods for enhancing ease-of-use throughout the protrude or organic evolution operation.Nielsen Norman free radical mentioned five quality components that defines the term Usability UNiel12Learnability How easy is it for users to reach out basic tasks the first time they encounter the convention?Efficiency one time users hav e learned the human body, how quickly can they perform tasks?Memorability When users return to the design after a period of not using it, how advantageously can they reestablish proficiency?Errors How many errors do users sack, how severe are these errors, and how easily can they recover from the errors?Satisfaction How pleasant is it to use the design?In brief, Usability see to its how easy pleasant a product/system to use.2.3 Importance of UsabilityIt is very frequently crucial to make a system where users should not have to think too hard while they are using the system. The user should not have to refer to help sections, and they should not be restrict to feel stupid. By observing the user, finding the usability issues and resolving them in an fascinate manner these situations can be avoided.System developers usually forget that they are not typical users. There may be aspects of the system that depend apparent to the developer that might, in fact, be entirely confusing to the users. It is therefore essential to take a step back once in a while and make sure that the users are not left behind. Usability scrutiny is an indispensable aspect of the User-Centred method that establishes the user, at the heart of the teaching process sort of than the system. Embracing such an approach pushes that the user should be first of all in the design determinations.According to the International Standards Organization (ISO 9241-11 Guidance on Usability)Usability is the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.These three factors are very much grievous to attain business goals.An effective websiteAn efficient websiteA satisfactory userallows customers (users) to achieve their goalsprovides answers quicklyachieves their goalhas a high conversion ratefollows a logical systemal sequenceenjoys their experiencemeets business objectivesdoesnt w aste resourcestells othersdelivers a positive brand imagerequires less content heed timecomes back againTable 1 Why Usability parameters are measurable URed11Usability test lets the design and development teams recognize problems before roll out of the system. The before flows are identified and mothered the less equally the fixes forget be vexationing both resource time and doable influence to the schedule. During a usability testInvestigate the activities of the participants to see whether it meets usability objectivesIdentify how satisfied users are with the system or productDiscover if users can accomplish specified tasks as intendedExperience how long it takes to accomplish specified tasksDetermine adjustments needed to enhance user performance and satisfaction2.4 Usability EvaluationConventionally evaluating the usability of a product does not come into play until the system development is realized or nearly completed. Once completed, users would be requested to acco mplish definite tasks on the system. Their performance would accordingly be measured, often using the five usability attributes of Nielsen Learnability, Efficiency, Memorability, Errors and Satisfaction.UNiel12 This way of usability interrogation does not include users until very late in the project and concentrates on the system rather than how the user experiences the System.Racing toward prove without looking back might have seemed worry a good idea back when the launch date was set, but the result is belike to be a product that meets all the technical requirements for the project but does not work for your users. Even worse, by tackling user experience evaluation on at the end, you might end up launching a product that you know is broken but have no chance (or money left) to fix. Garret10This means of usability evaluation is often named user acceptance testing. The term accepting is important here, symbolizing that the focus lies on whether the user accepts the system, ra ther than whether he/she can use the system as intended2.5 User Experience FocusTechnological improvements in ubiquitous computing have created an opportunity for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to be a massive part of our periodic life. This has effected a shift from traditional usability engineering science to so-called User Experience, where the emotions and motivations of the end-user are provided a principal role than traditional usability inflection such as efficiency and effectiveness.There have been studies more or less defining User Experience amongst UX professionals that have demonstrated inconclusive Law09 and these are within the knit of Human-Computer Interaction. One could dispute that the principles following UX could be applied to any proceeds process. The nearest we can get to a definition is addressed in the ISO 9241-210 standard on the Ergonomics of Human System Interaction variance 210 Human-Centred Design for interactive systems (ISO, 2008)A persons pe rceptions and responses that result from the use or anticipated use of a product, system or service higher up statement highlights the experience the user has while using or anticipates using a particular product. The notion of anticipated use grants the idea that UX can play a crucial role in the early development faces of system development mentioning that thinking UX before an actual working system is ready can produce invaluable input.User experience specialists seek to make the system User-Centered. It indicates that while the development of the system the user is ever the principal focus point and drives the evolution process. According to the ISO standard, six postulates settle the product is User-CenteredUUCD171. The design is based upon an explicit understanding of users, tasks and environments.2. Users are relate throughout design and development.3. The design is driven and refined by user-centered evaluation.4. The process is iterative.5. The design addresses the who le user experience.6. The design team includes multidisciplinary skills and perspectives.Second belief (Users are involved throughout design and development) entails that UX teams should include users in all design stages not just by operating a focus group at the beginning of design or by administering a survey at the end of the project.3.1 IntroductionUsability testing involves watching good example users working with the system so that development team can make improvements based on what participants do with the system. Usability testing provides invaluable feedback active how the users discharge with the system. Knowing how users behave helps to create a much more qualified Platform or application. Rather than just guessing about what people might like on these, it is possible to see their reactions first hand, and then make sure that the system contains just the right features.Learning about issues early in the process economises development time and money. Rather than e xpending time developing the wrong thing, a quick usability test go forth tell the developer whether they are on the right track or not. getting the data directly from the users is a much unwrap way of doing design work than arguing about features among the team. In fact, usability testing is a great way of stopping arguments. Rather than spending time on bit over whose idea is best, put the suppositions in front of real users to see how well they can work with them. There is nothing quite like real user feedback that helps to determine the best way forward.The thing that separates usability testing from many other methods is that with usability testing, it is possible to see real behaviors, what people do rather than just asking what people think. Often watching people do something is the only way to really understand where the issues lie and how to fix the problems you see.Ease of use doesnt originate from wishful thinking. It comes from conveying methodical usability engineer ing activities throughout the project lifecycle. This is a real effort and sacrifices real money, though not as much as some people worry.It is possible to conduct simple forms of user testing in a fewer days and obtain vast insights into both user behavior and recommended design enhancements.3.2 Usability CostsTo estimate the total cost of usability (as opposed to the price of a single test), Nielsen Norman Group collected data from 863 design projects that merged Usability Testing. Depending on how they have calculated it, usability cost were within 8% and 13% of the projects budget. Based on these findings from other surveys, they have concluded that current best practices call for dedicating about 10% of a projects budget to usability. UNiel03In reality, the cost of usability doesnt extend linearly with project size, since many usability testing cost about the same, notwithstanding of how big the project is. A project thats ten times larger, for example, usually requires only four times more usability spending.3.3 Reduce suppuration CostAccurate planning at the start of a Systems design process exit drive home time, money and effort in the long run.A study by Smith Reinersten found that the critical system-design decisions make during the first 10% of a products design process can determine 90% of the products cost and performance. This is an outstanding illustration of how a little investment at an initial stage can have a frightening positive impact on the final product. UWilson14The more money will organization invest in usability at an initial design stage the greater will have the end product. A tiny issue forth of cash spent on usability design and testing will save the organization from costly design fixes or redesigns later in the cycle.3.4 cut back Support CostsAn enormous gain of financing in usability is pocket-size check costs. Just put, a System with recrudesce usability will debase potential customer support concerns and eventua lly reduce customer support costs. An excellent way to enhance the websites usability, while decreasing support costs is by giving online guidance to the users.another(prenominal) illustration of how financing in usability at the early stage of the design process will save the money at a later stage. A study by Pressman found that 80% of costs during a softwares lifecycle come from the attention phase. The study also found that greatest part of these costs rises out of unmet or unforeseen user requirements. UWilson14Figure 3 Reduced call and support costs minimizes maintenance costSpending in usability helps to settlement these issues during the design stage, where they can be dispensed with at a much lower price. All redundant second that the support staff uses responding to a customer support issue (time when paying for their wages) is the cost of poor usability investment.3.5 change magnitude SalesIts not a big leap in logic to claim that improved usability for customers will make them more likely to achieve a purchase or to extend their purchase volume.A study by Creative Good discovered that giving a better experience for the customers will prolong the quantity of purchasers by 40%. UWilson14Another study by UI Engineering observed that by giving adequate product information to your customers at the right time you can increase sales on your site by up to 225%. UWilson14Improved usability makes for satisfied clients who are more likely to purchase, eventually expanding the businesss profits.3.6 Usability BenefitsThe Nielsen Norman Group have analyzed data from 42 cases where usability metrics were available for website redesigns. Averaged across the 42 pairs of measures they had found, usability increase by 135% when they omitted five outliers with especially significant usability improvements. (If they include these outliers, the norm improvement jumps to 202%.) UNiel03The improvement in usability metrics differed depending on the metric, as the foll owing table showsTable 2 The improvement in usability metrics differed depending on the metric UNiel03The current study of Nielsen Norman Group does not incorporate intranet redesign projects. However, based on their studies of intranet design potential, Jakob Nielsen consider that the average improvement in intranet usability metrics is a bit below blow%. UNiel033.6.1 Co-CreationCertainly, the very common metric of ROI is financial, and a tested-to-breaking-point product, including a user-centric UI, will check out the user experience is a pleasurable one, promoting more exchanges, and, in turn, increased revenue.3.6.2 TrustIf the organization is providing the users a great user experience, the organization will also be strengthening trust in the brand. A user is more reasonably to retain with a website or platform that theyve earlier had a trouble-free experience of, than one thats showed something of a usability nightmare. How many customers are using the system, and how many a re yielding to use again, can be tracked via analytics software.3.6.3 ProductivityProfits can also be gained through an increase in productivity of any employee. Systems need rigorous testing to assure the design and UI are helpful to an experience that cuts the time it call for to accomplish a task, enabling the employee to gain more.4.1 IntroductionThe scope of this user experience and usability testing of the platform is for the pilot of GIZs enterprise portal which is cerebrate on GIZs communities of practice. For this instance, it is very much important to understand the community business processes and the specific use cases for GIZs communities of practice (CoP).A community is a group of experts / development practitioners that share knowledge on common development topics and challenges as well as work collaboratively on effective, efficient, innovative, sustainable solutions based on their own experiences and expertise. A community is a collection of people with shared val ues, behaviors and artifacts.4.2 Communities of practiceCommunities of practice are groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly. UWen15Shared domain It has an identity defined by a shared domain of interest. Website community.Sense of community In act their interest in their domain, members engage in joint activities and discussions, help each other, and share information.Shared practice Members of a community of practice are practitioners. They develop a shared repertoire of resources experiences, stories, tools, ways of addressing recurring problems-in sententious a shared practice. This takes time and sustained interaction.Communities of practice have a great impact on organizational value chain and knowledge management including knowledge sharing. The infusing factors based on the effectiveness of the communities on practice has been explained by W.M.H. Oosting in 2009 which has shown belowFi gure 4 Influencing elements of the effectiveness of a CoP Oosting09The core is the proper connection between purpose, content, content, conversations and connections where the purpose is at the center and everything is linked bi-directionally with it. From the figure we can express wrathfully that backdrop up the purpose has a great impact on the mastery of CoP.4.3 Community Management FrameworkFor the business case of GIZ, we have agglomerate questions which lead to the Community Management Framework. These clusters lead to the business needs of GIZs Communities. fixingsQuestionsPurpose and incentivesWhat is in for me? What benefits do we hope to get? Strategic relevance of the common topic?OutcomesWhat useful (preliminary) outcomes do we want to achieve?Stakeholders /actorsWho should be a member? What is their social glue/shared practice? pack key roles been defined?NegotiationsWhat ground rules and milestones do we need for internal cooperation and management?OrientationWhat common vision have we agreed upon?ResourcesBudget for the community? Are members given profuse resources by their business units/organizations? outlineStrategy for planning and implementation by the community?GrowthPlan/concept for increasing the number of members? How to turn new members into returning members?Content and respiteWho is/are the community manager/s? Do they have enough resources (time, opportunities and ability to build bridges) and the necessary status? What content is to be created and edited? What content can members be asked to input?